Machine Translation

of Languages

 

 


FOURTEEN ESSAYS

 

 

 


Edited by

 

WILLIAM N.LOCKE

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology

 

and

 

A.DONALD BOOTH

Birkbeck College Computation Laboratory

 

 

 

 

PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY

 

The Technology Press of

the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

AND

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York

 

Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London

 

[Copyright, 1955, by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology]

 

--------------------

 

                                                                                                       Contents

 

[All articles available from Questia.com]

 

FOREWORD: THE NEW TOWER                                                                            v

    Warren Weaver

 

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION                                                                              1

   A.Donald Booth and William  N.Locke

 

1. TRANSLATION                                                                                                    15

           Warren Weaver

 

2. SOME METHODS OF MECHANIZED TRANSLATION                                   24

           R.H.Richens and A.D.Booth

 

3. THE DESIGN OF AN AUTOMATIC RUSSIAN-ENGLISH

     TECHNICAL DICTIONARY                                                                               47

         Anthony G. Oettinger

 

4. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF RUSSIAN                                                            66

           Kenneth  E.Harper

 

5.  SOME PROBLEMS OF THE “WORD”                                                                86

           William E.Bull, Charles Africa, and Daniel Teichroew

 

6.  SPEECH INPUT                                                                                                   104

           William N. Locke

 

7. STORAGE DEVICES                                                                                           119

           A. Donald Booth

 

8. THE GEORGETOWN-I.B.M. EXPERIMENT                                                      124

          Leon E. Dostert

 

9. THE MECHANICAL DETERMINATION OF MEANING                                 136

         Erwin Reifler

 

10. MODEL ENGLISH                                                                                             165

         Stuart C. Dodd

 

11. A PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENT PROBLEM                                                   174

         James W. Perry

 

12. IDIOMS                                                                                                               183

         Yehoshua Bar-Hillel

 

13. SOME LOGICAL CONCEPTS FOR SYNTAX                                                 194

          Luitgard and Alex Wundheiler

 

14. SYNTAX AND THE PROBLEM OF MULTIPLE MEANING                          208

          Victor H. Yngve

 

        BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                                                               227

 

        INDEX                                                                                                               237