Machine Translation Archive

Index to evaluation measures

Publications 1990-1999

For other periods go to: Publications since 2010; publications 2005-2009; publications 2000-2004; publications 1970-1989; publications before 1970

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Back translation

(1999) Robert Frederking, Christopher Hogan, & Alexander Rudnicky: A new approach to the translating telephone.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 556-563. [PDF, 175KB]

(1999) Shoichi Yokoyama, Akira Kumano, Masaki Matsudaira, Yoshiko Shirokizawa, Mutsumi Kawagoe, Shuji Kodama, Hideki Kashioka, Terumasa Ehara. Shinichiro Miyazawa & Yasuo Nakajima: Quantitative evaluation of machine translation using two-way MT. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 568-573. [PDF, 185KB]

Confidence estimation

(1999) Arendse Bernth: A confidence index for machine translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 109-119 [PDF, 158KB]

(1999) Arendse Bernth: Controlling input and output of MT for greater user acceptance. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 10pp. [PDF, 93KB]

Edit distance

(1992) Keh-Yih Su, Ming-Wen Wu, & Jing-Shin Chang: A new quantitative quality measure for machine translation systems. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 433-439. [PDF, 494KB]

Error detection and correction

(1999) Arendse Bernth: A confidence index for machine translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 109-119 [PDF, 158KB]

(1999) June-Jei Kuo: An automated mandarin document revision system using both phonetic and radical approaches. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 449-457. [PDF, 580KB]

(1999) Graham Russell: Errors of omission in translation. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 128-138 [PDF, 131KB]

(1997) Juan C.Amengual, José M.Benedí, Francisco Casacuberta, Asunción Castaño, Antonio Castellanos, David Llorens, Andrés Marzal, Federico Prat, Enrique Vidal, & Juan M.Vilar: Error correcting parsing for text-to-text machine translation using finite state models. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.135-142. [PDF, 217KB]

(1997) Robert Frederking, Alexander Rudnicky, & Christopher Hogan: Interactive speech translation in the DIPLOMAT project.  Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.61-66. [PDF, 622KB]

(1996) I. Dan Melamed: Automatic detection of omissions in translations. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 764-769. [PDF, 566KB]

(1995) Elliott Macklovitch: TransCheck – or the automatic validation of human translations. MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; 11pp. [PDF, 246KB]

(1994) Tetsuo Araki, Satoru Ikehara, Nobuyuki Tsukahara, & Yasunori Komatsu: An evaluation to detect and correct erroneous characters wrongly substituted, deleted and inserted in Japanese and English sentences using Markov models. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 187-193. [PDF, 518KB]

(1992) Mitsugu Miura, Mikito Hirata, & Nami Hoshino: Learning mechanism in machine translation system “PIVOT”. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 693-699. [PDF, 331KB]

(1990) Gregor Thurmair: Parsing for grammar and style checking. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 365-370. [PDF, 490KB]

Evaluation measures and metrics [see also Test corpora and test suites]

(1999) Arendse Bernth: A confidence index for machine translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 109-119 [PDF, 158KB]

(1999) Lisa Decrozant & Clare R.Voss: Dual use of linguistic resources: evaluation of MT systems and language learners. ACL-1999 Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing: Proceedings of a Symposium, 22 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.32-38. [PDF, 483KB]

(1999) Jennifer Doyon, John S.White, & Kathryn B.Taylor: Task-based evaluation for machine translation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 574-578. [PDF, 146KB]

(1999) Masaru Fuji: Evaluation experiment for reading comprehension of machine translation outputs. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 285-289. [PDF, 140KB]

(1999) John Hutchins: EAGLES Workshop, Pisa, Januray 19-20, 1999.  In: MT News International no.21, February 1999. [PDF]

(1999) Margaret King, Eduard Hovy, Benjamin K. T’sou, John White, & Yusoff Zaharin: MT evaluation [panel]. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 197-207. [PDF, 216KB]

(1999) Graham Russell: Errors of omission in translation. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 128-138 [PDF, 131KB]

(1999) Jörg Schütz: Deploying the SAE J2450 translation quality metric in MT projects. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 278-284. [PDF, 172KB]

(1999) Jörg Schütz: Deploying the SAE J2450 translation quality metric in language technology evaluation projects. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 10pp. [PDF, 69KB]

(1999) Toshiyuki Takezawa, Fumiaki Sugaya, Akio Yokoo, & Seiichi Yamamoto: A new evaluation method for speech translation systems and a case study on ATR-MATRIX from Japanese to English. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 239KB]

(1999) Kavita Thomas: Designing a task-based evaluation methodology for a spoken machine translation system. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.569-572. [PDF, 396KB]

(1999) Yamauchi Satoshi: A method of evaluation of the quality of translated text. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 564-567. [PDF, 133KB]

(1999) Shoichi Yokoyama, Akira Kumano, Masaki Matsudaira, Yoshiko Shirokizawa, Mutsumi Kawagoe, Shuji Kodama, Hideki Kashioka, Terumasa Ehara. Shinichiro Miyazawa & Yasuo Nakajima: Quantitative evaluation of machine translation using two-way MT. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 568-573. [PDF, 185KB]

(1998) D.Bourigault & B.Habert: Evaluation of terminology extractors: principles and experiments. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.299-305. [PDF, 95KB]

 (1998) Deborah Fry: Evaluating language technology: EAGLES II workshop on evaluation standards and resource sharing. Language Today 7, April 1998; pp.6-7. [PDF, 1559KB]

(1998) Tony Hartley & Klaus Schubert: From testbench to workflow: relocating MT in education and training. Translating and the Computer 20. Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference…12-13 November 1998 (London: Aslib, 1998); 10pp. [PDF, 59KB]

(1998) Margaret King & Bente Maegaard: Issues in natural language systems evaluation. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.225-230. [PDF, 59KB]

(1998) Judith Klein, Sabine Lehmann, Klaus Netter, & Tillmann Wegst: DiET in the context of MT evaluation. Konvens ’98 Workshop: Evaluation of the Linguistic Performance of Machine Translation Systems, Universität Bonn (St Augustin: Gardez! Verlag, 1998); 21pp. [PDF, 112KB]

(1998) Philippe Langlais, Michel Simard, & Jean Véronis: Methods and practical issues in evaluating alignment techniques. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 711-717. [PDF, 673KB]

(1998) Ph.Langlais, M.Simard, J.Véronis, S.Armstrong, P.Bonhomme, F.Debili, P.Isabelle, E.Souissi, & P.Théron: ARCADE: a cooperative research project on parallel text alignment evaluation. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.289-292. [PDF, 60KB]

(1998) Claus Povlsen, Nancy Underwood, Bradley Music, & Anne Neville: Evaluating text-type suitability for machine translation: a case study on an English-Danish system. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.27-31. [PDF, 53KB]

(1998) Reinhard Schäler: Localisation is good for you: the Localisation Resources Centre as an example for the successful co-operation between industrial users and academic researchers. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1239-1244. [PDF, 85KB]

(1998) Michelle Vanni: Evaluating MT systems: testing and researching the feasibility of a task-diagnostic approach. Translating and the Computer 20. Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference…12-13 November 1998 (London: Aslib, 1998); 11pp. [PDF, 152KB]

(1998) John S.White & Kathryn B.Taylor: A task-oriented evaluation metric for machine translation . First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.21-25. [PDF, 56KB]

(1997) John Hutchins: Evaluation of machine translation and translation tools. In: Giovanni Battista Varile & Antonio Zampolli (eds.) Survey of the state of the art in human language technology (Pisa: Giardini), pp. 418-419. [PDF, 96KB]

(1997) Margaret King: Human factors and user acceptability. In: Giovanni Battista Varile & Antonio Zampolli (eds.) Survey of the state of the art in human language technology (Pisa: Giardini), pp. 422-425. [PDF, 112KB]

(1997) Derek Lewis: MT evaluation: science or art? Translating and the Computer 19. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 13 & 14 November 1997 (London: Aslib, 1997); 9pp. [pages missing] [PDF, 32KB]

(1997) Derek Lewis: MT evaluation: science or art? In: Machine Translation Review, issue 6: October 1997; pp.25-36.

(1997) Bente Maegaard: Evaluation of language tools. Translating and the Computer 19. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 13 & 14 November 1997 (London: Aslib, 1997); 5pp. [PDF, 95KB]

 (1997) Reinhard Schäler: Evaluation Workshop, Dublin, 15 October 1996: Automatic Translation – How good is it?  In: MT News International no.16, February/March 1997. [PDF]

(1996) Lorna Balkan: Multilingual evaluation tool from TSNLP. In: MT News International no. 15, October 1996. [PDF]

 (1996) Nicole Klingenburg: Technology impact assessment: translation studies and its contribution to MT evaluation [abstract]. In: Unity in diversity? International translation studies conference, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, 9-11 May 1996; p.29. [PDF, 16KB]

 (1996) Sergei Nirenburg: How can interlingual representation systems be evaluated? [abstract] In: David Farwell (ed.) PREceedings of the Pre-Workshop on interlinguas and interlingual approaches to machine translation, 1 October 1996, Montreal, [AMTA]; p.47 [PDF, 9KB]

(1996) Eric M. Visser & Masaru Fuji: Using sentence connectors for evaluating MT output. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1066-1069. [PDF, 411KB]

(1996) John S.White & Theresa A. O'Connell: Adaptation of the DARPA machine translation evlauation paradigm to end-to-end systems. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.106-114 [PDF, 141KB]

(1996) John S.White: The primacy of core technology MT evaluation. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.212-218 [PDF, 123KB]

(1995) Hitoshi Isahara: JEIDA’s test-sets for quality evaluation of MT systems – technical evaluation from the developer’s point of view . MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; pp. [PDF, 261KB]

(1995) Sylvie Regnier-Prost: The prerequisites of MT for an industrial user: a corpus-based approach. MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; 1p. [abstract only] [PDF, 63KB]

(1995) John S. White: Approaches to black box MT evaluation. MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; 10pp. [PDF, 205KB]

(1994) Lorna Balkan Test suites: some issues in their use and design. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 101KB]

(1994) Lorna Balkan, Doug Arnold, & Siety Meijer: Test suites for natural language processing.  Translating and the Computer 16. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1994, Institution of Civil Engineers, London SW1 (London: Aslib, 1994); pp.51-58. [PDF, 79KB]

(1994) George Doddington: Introduction to the March ’94 ARPA workshop on machine translation. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, 17 March 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 2 slides [PDF, 42KB]

(1994) George Doddington: Summation and plans. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, 17-18 March 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 4 slides [PDF, 36KB]

(1994) Mary Flanagan: Error classification for MT evaluation. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 65-72. [PDF, 119KB]

(1994) Margaret King: Evaluating translation. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.251-263.

(1994) Siety Meijer: The evaluation of machine translation. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 22, April 1994; pp.12-13. [PDF, 62KB]

(1994) Siety Meijer & Lorna Balkan: TSNLP: test suites for natural language processing. In: MT News International no.8, May 1994

(1994) Eric H. Nyberg, 3rd, Teruko Mitamura, & Jaime G. Carbonell: Evaluation metrics for knowledge-based machine translation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 95-99. [PDF, 469KB]

(1994) Karin Spalink: Proposal for a differentiated text-related machine translation evaluation methodology. In: MT News International no.9, September 1994.

(1994) Antonio Torrens: Machine translation evaluation and quality benchmarks. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1994; pp.375-415. [PDF, 185KB]

(1994) John S.White & Theresa A. O’Connell: Evaluation in the ARPA machine translation program: 1993 methodology. Human Language Technology: proceedings of a workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA, March 8-11, 1994. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1994); pp.134-140. [PDF, 857KB]

(1994) John White, Theresa O’Connell, & Matthew Hopwood: ARPA MT initiative: 1Q94 test and evaluation. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, 17 March 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 33 slides [PDF, 804KB]

(1994) John S. White, Theresa A. O'Connell, Francis E. O'Mara: The ARPA MT evaluation methodologies: evolution, lessons,and future approaches. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 193-205 [PDF, 212KB]

(1994) The role of MT evaluation. Panel at the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 5-8 October 1994, Columbia, Maryland, USA (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.217-219 [PDF, 75KB]

 (1993) John Benoit & Joseph Pentheroudakis: MT Showcase at the Evaluation Workshop.  In: MT News International no.4, January 1993. [PDF]

 (1993) Bob Clark: Translating in America: MT evaluation and new frontiers. Language International 5 (1), 1993; pp.29-31. [PDF, 179KB]

(1993) John Hutchins: JEIDA report on evaluation methodology. In: MT News Intenational no.4, January 1993

 (1993) Bertie Kaal: Evaluating machine translation in the 1990s: Machine Translation Summit IV, Kobe, Japan 20-22 July 1993. Language International 5 (5), 1993; pp.5-6. [PDF, 61KB]

(1993) Margaret King: Evaluation of MT software and methods.  Machine Translation Today: Translating and the Computer 15. Papers presented at a conference… 18-19 November 1993, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1993); pp.111-119. [PDF, 35KB]

(1993) Hirosato Nomura & John Hutchins: JEIDA machine translation evaluation methodology. In: MT News Intenational no.5, May 1993

(1993) M. King: Panel on evaluation: MT Summit IV -- introduction MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.201-203 [PDF, 97KB]

(1993) Hirosato Nomura: Evaluation method of machine translation: from the viewpoint of natural language processing. Strategy for machine translation evaluation MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.205-207 [PDF, 110KB]

(1993) L. Rolling: Panel contribution on MT evaluation MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.209-210 [PDF, 78KB]

(1993) Muriel Vasconcellos: [contribution to panel on] Evaluation method of machine translation MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.211-213 [PDF, 99KB]

(1993) John S. White, Theresa A. O’Connell, & Lynn M. Carlson: Evaluation of machine translation.  Human Language Technology: proceedings of a workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA, March 21-24, 1993. (San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1993); pp.206-210. [PDF, 407KB]

(1993) Soichi Yokoyama: [contribution to panel on] Evaluation method of machine translation: from the viewpoint of natural language processing MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.215-217 [PDF, 108KB]

(1993) Adriane Rinsche: Towards a MT evaluation methodology. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 266-275. [PDF, 103KB]

 (1993) IAMT/AMTA Holds a Workshop on MT Evaluation {San Diego, November 1992]. In: MT News International no.4, January 1993. [PDF]

 (1993) MT evaluation symposium at MT World’92.  In: MT News International no.4, January 1993. [PDF]

(1992) see MT evaluation: basis for future directions. Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation, 2-3 November 1992, San Diego, California; ed. Muriel Vasconcellos. (Washington, DC: Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 1994)

(1992) Jim Baker, Peter Brown, Lynn Carlson, Eduard Hovy, Charles Wayne, & John White: Machine translation evaluation methodology. [Washington, DC: DARPA, June 1992.] Reprinted in Annex B, in: MT evaluation: basis for future directions. Proceedings of a workshop..., 2-3 November 1992, San Diego, California; 6pp. [PDF, 136KB]

 (1992) Peter Brown & Eduard Hovy: DARPA’s Boston MT party.  In: MT News International no.3, September 1992. [PDF]

 (1992) Margaret King: Evaluators’ Forum, les Rasses, Switzerland, April 1991. In: MT News International no.1, January 1992. [PDF]

 (1992) Margaret King: The Strategic Role of Evaluation in Natural Language Processing and Speech Technology, Edinburgh, 30 April – 2nd May, 1992.  In: MT News International no.3, September 1992. [PDF]

(1992) Keh-Yih Su, Ming-Wen Wu, & Jing-Shin Chang: A new quantitative quality measure for machine translation systems. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 433-439. [PDF, 494KB]

(1992) Translators still in the loop. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.12, November-December 1992; pp.1-4. [PDF, 106KB]

(1991) see Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO)

(1991) see contributions to panel Evaluation of MT systems.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 141-146 [PDF, 137KB] [Revised reprints in: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 267-282]

(1991) Kenneth W.Church & Eduard H.Hovy: Good applications for crummy machine translation. In: Jeanette  G.Neal and Sharon M.Walter (eds.): Natural Language Processing Systems Evaluation Workshop, Calspan-UB Research Center, Buffalo, NY, 18 June 1991; pp.147-157. [PDF, 811KB]

(1991) Kenneth W.Church & Eduard Hovy: Good applications for crummy machine translation. (Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, California; AD-A269 768); 16pp. [PDF, 1149KB]

 (1991) Monique C.Cormier: Evaluation of machine translation systems. Language International 3 (4), July 1991; p.8. [PDF, 63KB]

(1991) Jacques Durand: On evaluating MT systems.  Translating and the Computer 13: The Theory and Practice of Machine Translation – A Marriage of Convenience? Papers presented at a conference… 28-29 November 1991, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.81-92. [PDF, 73KB]

(1991) Björn Gambäck, Hiyan Alshawi, David Carter & Manny Rayner: Measuring compositionality in transfer-based machine translation systems. In: Jeanette  G.Neal and Sharon M.Walter (eds.): Natural Language Processing Systems Evaluation Workshop, Calspan-UB Research Center, Buffalo, NY, 18 June 1991; pp.141-145. [PDF, 322KB]

(1991) R.Lee Humphreys: From evaluation to specification. Translating and the Computer 13: The Theory and Practice of Machine Translation – A Marriage of Convenience? Papers presented at a conference… 28-29 November 1991, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.93-104. [PDF, 65KB]

(1991) MT evaluator’s forum. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.3, May-June 1991; p.5. [PDF, 97KB]

(1990) Peter Kahl : Translation quality – how can we tell it’s good enough?  Translating and the Computer 12: Applying technology in the translation process, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 8-9 November 1990, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1991); pp. 149-158. [PDF, 42KB]

(1990) Margaret King: A workshop on evaluation: background paper. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.255-259. [PDF, 95KB]

(1990) Margaret King & Kirsten Falkedal: Using test suites in evaluation of machine translation systems. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 211-216. [PDF, 528KB]

Evaluations of systems [see also User experiences]

(1999) Michael Carl & Silvia Hansen: Linking translation memories with example-based machine translation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 617-624. [PDF, 225KB].

(1999) Orie Fukutomi: Experiment report of a commercial machine translation in a manufacturing industry domain.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 579-585 . [PDF, 166KB]

(1999) Elke D.Lange & Jin Yang: Automatic domain recognition for machine translation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 641-645. [PDF, 171KB]

(1999) Magnus Merkel & Lars Ahrenberg: Evaluating word alignment systems. PLUG report. [Linköping University, 1999] 6pp. [PDF, 33KB]

(1999) Shinichiro Miyazawa, Shoichi Yokoyama, Masaki Matsudaira, Akira Kumano, Shuji Kodama, Hideki Kashioka, Yoshiko Shirokizawa, & Yasuo Nakajima: Study on evaluation of WWW MT systems. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 290-298. [PDF, 573KB]

(1999) Fumiaki Sugaya, Toshiyuki Takezawa, Akio Yokoo, & Seiichi Yamamoto: End-to-end evaluation in ATR-MATRIX: speech translation system between English and Japanese. Sixth European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech ’99), Budapest, Hungary, September 5-9, 1999; pp.2431-2434; abstract [PDF, 36KB]

(1999) Shoichi Yokoyama, Akira Kumano, Masaki Matsudaira, Yoshiko Shirokizawa, Mutsumi Kawagoe, Shuji Kodama, Hideki Kashioka, Terumasa Ehara. Shinichiro Miyazawa & Yasuo Nakajima: Quantitative evaluation of machine translation using two-way MT. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 568-573. [PDF, 185KB]

(1998) Gregory Grefenstette: Evaluating the adequacy of a multilingual transfer dictionary for the cross language information retrieval. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.755-758. [PDF, 42KB]

 (1998) Donna Harman: The Text REtrieval Conferences (TRECs) and the cross-language track. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.517-522. [PDF, 52KB]

(1998) Christopher Hogan & Robert E. Frederking: An evaluation of the multi-engine MT architecture. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.113-123. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Derek Lewis: Machine translation today. The Linguist 37, 2; pp.39-43. [PDF, 281KB]

(1998) Jutta Marx, Nancy Smith, & Bernhard Staudinger: Some problems in the evaluation of the Russian-German machine translation system MIROSLAV. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1219-1226. [PDF, 80KB]

(1998) Mario J.Mira i Giménez & Mikel L.Forcada: Understanding commercial machine translation systems for evaluation, teaching, and reverse engineering: the treatment of noun phrases in Power Translator Deluxe. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 7: April 1998; pp.20-27. [PDF]

(1998) Douglas W. Oard: A comparative study of query and document translation for cross-language information retrieval. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.472-483. [go to publisher details]

 (1998) Peter O’Rourke: Are we there yet?: road-testing the latest in Japanese/English machine translation. Language International 10 (3), 1998; pp.30-31. [PDF, 91KB]

(1998) Flo Reeder & Dan Loehr: Finding the right words: an analysis of not-translated words in machine translation. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.356-363. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Jörg Schütz & Rita.Nübel: Evaluating language technologies: the MULTIDOC approach to taming the knowledge soup. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.236-249. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Jörg Schütz & Rita Nübel: Multi-purpose vs. task-specific application: diagnostic evaluation of multilingual language technologies. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1251-1254. [PDF, 127KB]

(1998) Vera Semenova: Russian resources in language engineering: evaluation and description. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1123-1127. [PDF, 50KB]

(1998) Kathryn Taylor & John White: Predicting what MT is good for: user judgements and task performance. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.364-373. [go to publisher details]

(1997) Merja Ågren: The strong and the weak points of texts translated by machine in comparison with texts translated by humans. [Unpublished.] 18pp. [PDF, 105KB]

(1997) David Carter, Ralph Becket, Manny Rayner, Robert Eklund, Catriona MacDermid, Mats Wirén, Sabine Kirchmeier-Andersen, & Christina Philp: Translation methodology in the Spoken Language Translator: an evaluation. Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.73-82. [PDF, 856KB]

 (1997) Andrew Joscelyne: Dictating progress to machines. Language International 9 (1), 1997; pp.14-17. [PDF, 170KB]

(1997) Derek Lewis: The Telegraph and Systran translation systems for personal computer. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 5: April 1997; pp.25-26.

(1997) Rita Nübel: End-to-end evaluation in Verbmobil I.  MT Summit VI. Machine Translation: Past, Present, Future.  Proceedings, 29 October – 1 November 1997, San Diego, California, USA; pp. 232-239 [PDF, 165KB]

 (1997) Reinhard Schäler: Evaluation of Translation Tools for Localisation: LRC Workshop, Dublin, 17 April 1997.  In: MT News International no.17, June/July 1997. [PDF]

(1997) Martin Volk: Probing the lexicon in evaluating commercial MT systems. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 112-119. [PDF, 729KB]

(1996) Harri Arnola: Kielikone machine translation technology and its perspective on the economics of machine translation. In: EAMT Workshop, Vienna, 29-30 August 1996. [PDF]

(1996) Eva Dauphin & Véronika Lux: Corpus-based annotated test set for machine translation evaluation by an industrial user.  Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1061-1065. [PDF, 445KB]

(1996) Stephen Helmreich & David Farwell: Translation differences and pragmatics-based MT. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.43-55 [PDF, 162KB]

(1996) Heather Holmback, Serena Shubert, & Jan Spyridakis: Issues in conducting empirical evaluations of controlled languages. [CLAW 1996] Proceedings of the first international workshop on controlled language applications: CLAW 96. Leuven: Centre for Computational Linguistics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 1996; pp.166-17. [PDF, 56KB]

 (1996) John Hutchins: ALPAC: the (in)famous report. MT News International 14 (June 1996), 15-21. [PDF, 110KB]

(1996) Derek Lewis: The Power Translator: an evaluation of a PC-based MT system. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 4: October 1996; pp.22-32.

(1996) Steven Maiorano & Terry Wilson: Multilingual entity task (MET): Japanese results. Tipster Text Program Phase II. Proceedings of a workshop held at Vienna, Virginia, May 6-8, 1996, sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; pp. 449-451. [PDF, 717KB]

(1996) Roberta Merchant, Mary Ellen Okurowski, & Nancy Chinchor: The multilingual entity task (MET) overview. Tipster Text Program Phase II. Proceedings of a workshop held at Vienna, Virginia, May 6-8, 1996, sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; pp. 445-447. [PDF, 667KB]

 (1996) Laurence Nazé: Automatic translation by micro-computer: evaluation of Power Translator. Language International 8 (1), 1996; pp.3-5. [PDF, 140KB]

(1996) Dorothy Senez: Machine translation feasibility study at the European Commission. In: EAMT Workshop, Vienna, 29-30 August 1996. [PDF]

(1995) Geert Adriaens & Lieve Macken: Technological evaluation of a controlled language application: precision, recall and convergence tests for SECC. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.123-141. [PDF, 270KB]

(1995) Terence Lewis: Can we make do with near human quality? Translating and the Computer 17. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 9th and 10th November 1995 (London: Aslib, 1995); 5pp. [PDF, 40KB]

(1995) I.Dan Melamed: Automatic evaluation and uniform filter cascades for inducing n-best translation lexicons.  Third workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. David Yarowsky and Kenneth Church, 30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.184-198. [PDF, 933KB]

 (1995) William J.Niven: Machine-friendly or reader-friendly? Language International 7 (6), 1995; pp.4-10. [PDF, 309KB]

(1995) John S. White: Approaches to black box MT evaluation. MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; 10pp. [PDF, 205KB]

(1994) Claudia Gdaniec: The Logos translatability index. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 97-105. [PDF, 122KB]

(1994) H. Isahara, H. Uchino, S. Ogino, T. Okunishi, S. Kinoshita, S. Shibata, T. Sugio, Y. Takayama, S. Doi, T. Nagano, M. Narita, H. Nomura: Technical evaluation of MT systems from the developer's point of view: exploiting test-sets for quality evaluation. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp.126-133. [PDF, 163KB]

 (1994) Geoffrey Kingscott: Systran on PC imminent. Language International 6 (5), 1994; pp.14-15. [PDF, 108KB]

(1994) Derek Lewis: The MicroCat machine assisted translation system. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 22, April 1994; pp.17-20. [PDF, 122KB]

(1994) Uwe Reinke: Evaluation of integrated translation systems. In: MT News International no.9, September 1994

(1994) Reinhard Schäler: A practical evaluation of an integrated translation tool during a large scale localisation project.  Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.192-193. [PDF, 197KB]

(1994) Karin Spalink: Evaluating the suitability of MT. Contribution to panel Voices of experience: MT in operational settings at the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 5-8 October 1994, Columbia, Maryland, USA (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.221-222 [PDF, 84KB]

(1994) Michelle Vanni: Project Cybertrans. Contribution to panel Voices of experience: MT in operational settings at the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 5-8 October 1994, Columbia, Maryland, USA (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.221-222 [PDF, 84KB]

(1994) John White, Theresa O’Connell, & Matthew Hopwood: ARPA MT initiative: 1Q94 test and evaluation. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, 17 March 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 33 slides [PDF, 804KB]

(1994) John White, Theresa O’Connell, & Matthew Hopwood: Results 1Q94 ARPA evaluation of machine translation. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, March 17 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 19 slides [PDF, 320KB]

(1993) Doris Albisser: Evaluating machine translation systems in a real work environment. [Expanded version.] In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 278-282. [PDF, 117KB]

 (1993) Sabine Bell: Translator’s Workbench II. Language International 5 (3), 1993; pp.5-7. [PDF, 167KB]

(1993) Masaru Tomita, Masako Shirai, Junya Tsutsumi, Miki Matsumura & Yuki Yoshikawa: Evaluation of MT systems by TOEFL. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 252- 265. [PDF, 253KB]

(1993) J.D.Wigg: Software review: “French Assistant” by Microtac. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 21, April 1993; pp.21-26. [PDF, 189KB]

(1993) A heavy METAL user. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.18, November-December 1993; pp.11-12. [PDF, 91KB]

(1992) Sabine Bell: TRANSIT: the ideal working environment for translators. Language International 4 (6), 1992; pp.3-6. [PDF, 213KB]

(1992) R.Lee Humphreys: Is machine translation actually translation? Language International 4 (2), 1992; pp.7-11. [PDF, 201KB]

(1992 Khai Le-Hong, Monika Höge, & Andrea Hohmann: User’s point of view of the translator’s workbench. Translating and the Computer 14: Quality Standards and the Implementation of Technology in Translation. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1992, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.25-32. [PDF, 63KB]

(1992) J.E.Rowley: Evaluation of software.  Translating and the Computer 14: Quality Standards and the Implementation of Technology in Translation. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1992, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.117-126. [PDF, 36KB]

(1992) see MT evaluation: basis for future directions. Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation, 2-3 November 1992, San Diego, California; ed. Muriel Vasconcellos. (Washington, DC: Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 1994)

(1991) see Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO)

Examples of MT output

(1999) Arendse Bernth: Controlling input and output of MT for greater user acceptance. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 10pp. [PDF, 93KB]

(1999) John Hutchins: The IBM-Georgetown demonstration, January 1954. Language Today no.16 (January 1999), 19-20.  [PDF, 106KB]

 (1999) Terence Lewis: The best of both worlds – or will two mongrels ever make a pedigree. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 9pp. [PDF, 63KB]

(1998) John Beaven: MT: 10 years of development. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1998; pp.242-256. [PDF, 56KB]

(1998) Kaarina Hyvönen & Harri Arnola: Kielikone MT takes user-friendliness seriously. Translating and the Computer 20. Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference…12-13 November 1998 (London: Aslib, 1998); 14pp. [PDF, 108KB]

(1998) Derek Lewis: Machine translation today. The Linguist 37 (2); pp.38-43. [PDF, 281KB]

(1998) Rosemarie Sauer-Stipperger: SYSTRAN funnies. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1998; pp.327-329. [PDF, 22KB]

 (1996) Harri Arnola, Kaarina Hyvönen, Jukka-Pekka Juntunen, Tim Linnanvirta, & Petteri Suoranta: Kielikone Finnish-English MT system TranSmart in practical use. Translating and the Computer 18. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 14 & 15 November 1996 (London: Aslib, 1996); 17pp. [PDF, 200KB]

(1996) John Hutchins: ALPAC: the (in)famous report. MT News International 14 (June 1996), 15-21. [PDF, 110KB]

(1995) Terence Lewis: Can we make do with near human quality? Translating and the Computer 17. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 9th and 10th November 1995 (London: Aslib, 1995); 5pp. [PDF, 40KB]

(1994) John Hutchins: The Georgetown-IBM demonstration, 7th January 1954. MT News International 8 (May 1994), 15-18. [PDF, 103KB]

(1992) Annette Grimaila & John Chandioux: Made to measure solutions. In: John Newton (ed.) Computers in translation: a practical appraisal (London: Routledge, 1992),; pp.33-45.

(1992) Muriel Vasconcellos & Dale A. Bostad: Machine translation in a high-volume translation environment. In: John Newton (ed.) Computers in translation: a practical appraisal (London: Routledge, 1992),; pp.58-77.

(1991) Teruko Mitamura, Eric H. Nyberg, 3rd, & Jaime G. Carbonell: An efficient interlingua translation system for multi-lingual document production.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 55-61 [PDF, 380KB] [Revised reprint in: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 105-117]

Quality assurance

(1998) Thorsten Mehnert: Quality policy: comply or compete? Language International 10 (5), 1998; pp.12-15. [PDF, 220KB]

(1992) Siegrun O’Sullivan: Quality management in translation.  Translating and the Computer 14: Quality Standards and the Implementation of Technology in Translation. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1992, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.107-115. [PDF, 29KB]

(1992) Linda J. Wedlake: An introduction to quality assurance and a guide to the implementation of BS 5750 , Translating and the Computer 14: Quality Standards and the Implementation of Technology in Translation. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1992, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.1-13. [PDF, 85KB]

Quality improvement techniques (see also Interactive methods)

(1999) Key-Yih Su & Jing-Shin Chang: A customizable, self-learnable parameterized MT system: the next generation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp.182-188. [PDF, 180KB]

(1998) Sung-Kwon Choi, Han-Min Jung, Chul-Min Sim, Taewan Kim, Dong-In Park, Jun-Sik Park, & Key-Sun Choi: Hybrid approaches to improvement of translation quality in web-based English-Korean machine translation. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 251-255. [PDF, 358KB]

(1997) Kanlaya Naruedomkul & Nick Cercone: Steps toward accurate machine translation. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.63-75. [PDF, 656KB]

(1996) Tetsuya Nasukawa: Full-text processing: improving a practical NLP system based on surface information within the context. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 824-829. [PDF, 648KB]

(1991) Wanying Jin: Translation accuracy and translation efficiency.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 85-92 [PDF, 429KB] [Revised reprint as ‘Translation techniques in Chinese’ in: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 53-66]

(1991) Yorick Wilks: Determining the development potential of machine translation systems: the role of evaluation techniques [contribution to panel] Evaluation of MT systems.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 143-144

Reading and comprehension

(1996) Heather Holmback, Serena Shubert, & Jan Spyridakis: Issues in conducting empirical evaluations of controlled languages. [CLAW 1996] Proceedings of the first international workshop on controlled language applications: CLAW 96. Leuven: Centre for Computational Linguistics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 1996; pp.166-17. [PDF, 56KB]

 (1993) Masaru Tomita, Masako Shirai, Junya Tsutsumi, Miki Matsumura & Yuki Yoshikawa: Evaluation of MT systems by TOEFL. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 252- 265. [PDF, 253KB]

Test corpora and test suites

(1996) Eva Dauphin & Véronika Lux: Corpus-based annotated test set for machine translation evaluation by an industrial user.  Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1061-1065. [PDF, 445KB]

(1996) Sabine Lehmann, Stephan Oepen, Sylvie Regnier-Prost, Klaus Netter, Veronika Lux, Judith Klein, Kirsten Falkedal, Frederick Fouvry, Dominique Estival, Eva Dauphin, Hervé Compagnion, Judith Baur, Lorna Balkan, & Doug Arnold: TSNLP – test suites for natural language processing. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 711-716. [PDF, 666KB]

(1995) Hitoshi Isahara: JEIDA’s test-sets for quality evaluation of MT systems – technical evaluation from the developer’s point of view . MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; pp. [PDF, 261KB]

(1994) Lorna Balkan, Doug Arnold, & Siety Meijer: Test suites for natural language processing.  Translating and the Computer 16. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1994, Institution of Civil Engineers, London SW1 (London: Aslib, 1994); pp.51-58. [PDF, 79KB]

(1991) Gerardo Arrarte, Teófilo Redondo, Miguel Sobejano, & Isabel Zapata: A management tool for test corpora.  Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO); pp. 65-72. [PDF, 177KB]

(1991) Ulrich Heid & Elke Hildenbrand: Some practical experience with the use of test suites for the evaluation of SYSTRAN.  Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO); pp. 195-213. [PDF, 204KB]

(1991) R.Lee Humphreys: From evaluation to specification. Translating and the Computer 13: The Theory and Practice of Machine Translation – A Marriage of Convenience? Papers presented at a conference… 28-29 November 1991, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.93-104. [PDF, 65KB]

(1991) R. Lee Humphreys: User-oriented MT evaluation and text typology.  Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO); pp. 55-64. [PDF, 133KB]

(1991) Yves Lepage: Test suites as a means for the evaluation of machine translation systems.  Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO); pp. 225-235. [PDF, 138KB]

(1991) Andrew Way: Developer-oriented evaluation of MT systems.  Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO); pp. 237-244. [PDF, 119KB]

(1990) Margaret King & Kirsten Falkedal: Using test suites in evaluation of machine translation systems. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 211-216. [PDF, 528KB]

Translatability

(1999) Arendse Bernth: A confidence index for machine translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 109-119 [PDF, 158KB]

(1999) Nicholas Ostler: “The limits of my language mean the limits of my world”: is machine translation a cultural threat to anyone? [extended abstract]  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 172-173 [PDF, 99KB]

(1999) Nancy L. Underwood & Bart Jongejan: Profiling translation projects: an essential part of routing translations.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 139-149 [PDF, 154KB]

(1998) Claus Povlsen, Nancy Underwood, Bradley Music, & Anne Neville: Evaluating text-type suitability for machine translation: a case study on an English-Danish system. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.27-31. [PDF, 53KB]

(1998) Reinhard Schäler: Localisation is good for you: the Localisation Resources Centre as an example for the successful co-operation between industrial users and academic researchers. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1239-1244. [PDF, 85KB]

(1996) Heather Holmback, Serena Shubert, & Jan Spyridakis: Issues in conducting empirical evaluations of controlled languages. [CLAW 1996] Proceedings of the first international workshop on controlled language applications: CLAW 96. Leuven: Centre for Computational Linguistics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 1996; pp.166-17. [PDF, 56KB]

(1996) Linda Means & Kurt Godden: The controlled automotive service language (CASL) project. [CLAW 1996] Proceedings of the first international workshop on controlled language applications: CLAW 96. Leuven: Centre for Computational Linguistics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 1996; pp.106-114. [PDF, 46KB]

(1994) Claudia Gdaniec: The Logos translatability index. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 97-105. [PDF, 122KB]

(1994) David Kumhyr, Carla Merrill, & Karin Spalink: Internationalization and translatability. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 142-148. [PDF,119KB]

Usability of systems

(1997) Terence Lewis: Do you have a translation tool strategy? Language International 9 (5), 1997; pp.16-18. [PDF, 143KB]

User evaluation and feedback

(1993) Siety Meijer: Attitudes towards machine translation. Language International 5 (6), 1993; pp.11-13. [PDF, 121KB]