Machine Translation Archive
Index of Languages
Languages F to L: publications before 1970
[For languages A-D click here; for languages E
click here; for
languages M to Z click here]
[For publications 1970-1989
click here; for
publications 1990-1999 click here; for
publications 2000-2004 click here; for
publications 2005-2009 click here; for
publications since 2010 click here]
French
(1963) Edward S. Klima: Interlingual
correspondences at the syntactic level. In: Abstracts
of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine
Translation and Computational Linguistics,
(1962) E.S.Klima: Correspondence
at the grammatical level. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research
Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1962; pp.212-229. [PDF, 105KB]
(1961) D.A.Dinneen: French grammar. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the
Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T.,
July, 1961; pp.208-209.
(1961) P. Meile: On problems of address
in an automatic dictionary of French. 1961
International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied
Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September;
pp.380-399. [PDF, 47KB] [discussion]
French to English
(1963) Leon E.Dostert & R.R.Macdonald: Georgetown University Machine Translation
research project. General report 1952-1963. Occasional Papers on Machine
Translation no.30, June 1963, prepared by R.R.Macdonald;
xxi, 236pp. [PDF, 1087KB]
(1963) A.Opler,
R.Silverstone, Y.Saleh, M.Hildebran, & I.Slutzky: The
application of table processing concepts to the
(1960) Neil
Macdonald: The photoscopic
language translator. Computers and Automation, August 1960;
pp.6-8. [PDF, 35KB]
(1960) M.Zarechnak & A.F.R.Brown: Current research at Georgetown University.
Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at
the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961);
pp.63-87. [PDF, 161KB]
(1959) Andrew
D. Booth: Syntactic processing for machine
translation and its implications for cost and speed. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine
Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New
York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2,
pp.759-763. [PDF, 30KB]
(1958) Andrew D.Booth,
L.Brandwood, & J.P.Cleave:
Mechanical
resolution of linguistic problems.
(1958) A.F.R.Brown: Language translation. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, vol.5, no.1;
pp.1-8. [PDF, 51KB]
(1958) J.Speck: Foreign
language translation by automatic computer [on demonstration by Peter Toma.] Computers and
Automation 7 (3), March 1958; p.11. [PDF, 218KB]
(1957) John P.Cleave: Report
on the work in MT at Birkbeck College, University of
London. [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings
of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists,
(1956) A.D.Booth: Introduction
[to] Session on the computer in a non-arithmetic role, at the Convention on
Digital-Computer Techniques, 12th April 1956. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol.103, part
B: Supplement no.3 (1956); pp.450-451. [PDF, 85KB]
(1956) Andrew D.Booth: Present objectives
of MT research in the United Kingdom.
(1956) L. Brandwood:
Mechanical translation of French. Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November
1956; pp. 52-61 [PDF, 164KB]
(1956) L.Brandwood: The
translation of a foreign language by machine.
(1955) Balth van der Pol: An
iterative translation test [summary]. In: Information theory: papers read at a symposium on ‘Information theory’
held at the Royal Institution, London, September 12th to 16th, 1955; edited by
Colin Cherry, London: Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1956; pp.397-398.
[PDF, 23KB]
French to Russian
(1962) Olga S. Koulagina: The use of computers in research on machine
translation. Information Processing
1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62,
(1959) O.S.Kulagina, A.I.Martynova,
& T.M.Nikolayeva: Mechanical
translation at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine
Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New
York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2,
pp.867-879. [PDF, 73KB]
German
(1967) James Gough, Jr.: On the German locative: a study in symbols. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.3
and 4, September and December 1967; pp. 68-84 [PDF, 339KB]
(1963) Edward S. Klima: Interlingual
correspondences at the syntactic level. In: Abstracts
of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine
Translation and Computational Linguistics,
(1962) E.S.Klima: Correspondence
at the grammatical level. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research
Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1962; pp.212-229. [PDF, 105KB]
(1962) W.K.Percival: German
word order rules. Quarterly Progress
Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1962;
pp.168-171. [PDF, 61KB]
(1961) Elinor K.Charney: On the semantical
interpretation of linguistic entities that function structurally. 1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the
conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on
5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.544-556. [PDF, 76KB] [discussion]
(1961) W.K.Percival:
Theory of translation. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research
Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961;
p.214.
(1960) Joseph R.Applegate:
Syntax of the German noun phrase. Proceedings
of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of
California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson.
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.280-285. [PDF, 57KB]
(1960) J.R.Applegate: The
German noun phrase. Quarterly
Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October,
1960; p.184. [PDF, 22KB]
(1960) James W.Marchand: German syntax
patterns. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation,
held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961);
pp.234-244. [PDF, 79KB]
(1960) Erwin Reifler: Machine language
translation. II. The fundamental problems. [In] Linguistic and engineering studies in the automatic translation of
scientific Russian into English.
(1959) Erwin Reifler: MT linguistics and
MT lexicography at the University of Washington: high frequency concepts,
German substantive compounds and MT. In:
Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval
and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for
Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation,
Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience
Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.841-852. [PDF, 135KB]
(1958) L.Brandwood: Pronoun
reference in German. Mechanisation of
thought processes: Proceedings of a symposium held at the National Physical
Laboratory on 24th, 25th, 26th and 27th November 1958 (London: HMSO, 1959);
pp.311-349 [including discussion by Richens,
Bar-Hillel, Uttley, and others]. [PDF, 139KB]
(1958) Leonard Brandwood:
Some problems in the mechanical translation of
German, Mechanical Translation 5
(2), November 1958; pp. 60-66 [PDF, 142KB]
(1958) G.H.Matthews
& Syrell Rogovin: German sentence recognition, Mechanical Translation 5 (3), December
1958; pp. 114-119 [PDF, 139KB]
(1957) Paul Pimsleur:
Semantic frequency counts, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November
1957; pp. 11-13 [PDF, 111KB]
(1957) Bjarne Ulvestad:
Syntactical variants, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 28-34 [PDF,
164KB]
(1956) J. R. Applegate: Structure of the German noun phrase. [Presentation at International Conference on
Mechanical Translation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 1956]; 4
pp. [PDF, 19KB]
(1955) Erwin Reifler: The mechanical determination of meaning. In:
William N.Locke & A.Donald
Booth (eds.): Machine
translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1955) Erwin Reifler:
Mechanical determination of the constituents
of German substantive compounds Mechanical Translation 2 (1), July 1955; pp. 3-14 [PDF, 224KB]
[Revised version of his Studies in
Mechanical Translation, no.7, September 1952]
(1953) Erwin Reifler: Elimination and
mechanical determination of forms with dual nationality (Studies in
Mechanical Translation, no.9). 11pp. [PDF, 38KB]
(1951) Victor A. Oswald & Stuart L.
Fletcher: Proposals for the mechanical resolution of
German syntax patterns. Modern
Language Forum 36 (3/4), 1952; pp. 1-24. [PDF, 186KB]
German to English
(1969) Paul O. Samuelsdorff: Problems
of German-English automatic translation. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4
September 1969,
(1969) L.W.Tosh: Translation
model with semantic capability. Linguistics
55; pp.58-69. [PDF, 156KB]
(1968) L.W.Tosh:
Initial results of syntactic translation at the
(1967) Klaus Günther Schweisthal: Semantically governed machine translation of
BE-clauses with adverbs and prepositional phrases. Demonstration of a
ring-model for German/English, English/German including analysis-synthesis,
transformation, transition, and generation.
Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la
Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France,
August 1967; 11 pp. [PDF, 412KB]
(1965) W.P.Lehmann: An experiment in
machine translation. The Graduate Journal
vol.7 (1); pp. 111-131. [PDF, 116KB]
(1965) L.W.Tosh:
Data preparation for syntactic translation. Coling 1965:
International Conference on Computational
(1962) John S. Bross: Problems of equivalence
in some German and English constructions.
Mechanical Translation, vol.
7, no.1, July 1962; pp.8-16 [PDF, 189KB]
(1961) Erwin Reifler: The machine
translation project at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington:
outline of the project. Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November
1961; pp.25-32. [PDF, 189KB]
(1960) Ramon D.Faulk: A general-purpose
language translation program for the IBM 650 computer. Proceedings of
the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of
California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson.
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.409-421. [PDF, 108KB]
(1960) Victor H. Yngve: MT at MIT: the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. Proceedings of the
National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of
California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson.
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.126-132. [PDF, 69KB]
(1960) Stanley
N. Werbow: Report on
the Texas project. Proceedings of
the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of
California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson.
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.121-125. [PDF, 64KB]
(1958) Andrew D.Booth,
L.Brandwood, & J.P.Cleave:
Mechanical
resolution of linguistic problems.
(1958) J.Speck: Foreign
language translation by automatic computer [on demonstration by Peter Toma.] Computers and
Automation 7 (3), March 1958; p.11. [PDF, 218KB]
(1957) Hugo J.Mueller: German
pre-nominal modifiers as clues in machine translation. Report
of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies.
“Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert.
(Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.89-101. [PDF, 47KB]
(1957) W.P.Lehmann:
Structure of noun phrases in German. Report
of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies.
“Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert.
(Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.125-133. [PDF, 160KB]
(1957) V.H.Yngve: A framework for syntactic translation, Mechanical Translation 4 (3), December
1957; pp. 59-65 [PDF, 141KB]
(1957) V.H.Yngve: Present status
of the research. Quarterly Progress
Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1957;
pp.131-132. [PDF, 24KB]
(1956) Victor H. Yngve:
Mechanical translation research at MIT. Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November
1956; pp. 44-45 [PDF, 91KB]
(1955) Victor H.Yngve: Syntax and the problem of multiple meaning. In:
William N.Locke & A.Donald
Booth (eds.): Machine
translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1954) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Can
translation be mechanized? American
Scientist 42; pp.248-260. [PDF, 73KB]
(1953) Yehoshua
Bar-Hillel: Machine translation.
Computers and Automation 2 (5);
pp.1-6. [PDF, 40KB]
(1953) Victor A.Oswald
& Richard H.Lawson: An idioglossary for mechanical translation. Modern Language Forum 38 (3/4),
September-December 1953; pp.1-11. [PDF, 66KB]
(1953) V.H.Yngve: Mechanical
translation. Quarterly Progress
Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1953;
pp.35-36. [PDF, 19KB]
(1951) Victor A. Oswald & Stuart L.
Fletcher: Proposals for the mechanical resolution of
German syntax patterns. Modern
Language Forum 36 (3/4), 1951; pp. 1-24. [PDF, 186KB]
German to Russian
(1959) O.S.Kulagina, A.I.Martynova,
& T.M.Nikolayeva: Mechanical
translation at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine
Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New
York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2,
pp.867-879. [PDF, 73KB]
Greek to English
(1960) Aristotelis
D.Stathacopoulos: A
possible application of electronic computers to the block analysis of Greek
sentences. [In] Linguistic and
engineering studies in the automatic translation of scientific Russian into
English.
Hindi to English
(1969) L.M.Khubchandani
& W,W,Glover: An application of computer techniques to
analysis of the verb phrase in Hindi and English. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4
September 1969,
Hungarian to Russian
(1960) I.A.Mel’chuk: Machine
translation from Hungarian to Russian. Problems
of Cybernetics 1960, vol.1; pp.251-293. [Original Russian: Problemy Kibernetiki
1, 1958, pp.222-264.] [PDF, 1002KB]
(1959) O.S.Kulagina, A.I.Martynova,
& T.M.Nikolayeva: Mechanical
translation at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine
Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New
York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2,
pp.867-879. [PDF, 73KB]
Italian
(1966) P.H.Matthews:
A procedure for morphological encoding. Mechanical Translation and Computational
Linguistics, vol. 9, no.1, March 1966; pp.15-21 [PDF, 210KB]
Italian to English
(1962) Silvio Ceccato: Automatic
translation of languages. In: Automatic
Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in
(1956) Margaret Masterman:
The potentialities of a mechanical thesaurus.
(ML 1).
(1956) A.F.Parker-Rhodes:
Application of the lattice
syntax-programme to the translation of the Italian paragraph, shewing in detail
its transformation from output I to output II. Appendix to paper by Margaret
Masterman, The potentialites
of a mechanical thesaurus. (ML 2).
Japanese to English
(1961) Susumu Kuno: A preliminary approach to
Japanese-English automatic translation. 1961
International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied
Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September;
pp.8-23. [PDF, 150KB] [discussion]
Japanese to Russian
(1959) O.S.Kulagina, A.I.Martynova,
& T.M.Nikolayeva: Mechanical
translation at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine
Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New
York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2,
pp.867-879. [PDF, 73KB]
(1957) I.K.Belskaja: Machine
translation of languages. Research
vol.10, part 10, October 1957; pp.383-389. [PDF, 193KB]
Latin to English
(1967) Margaret Masterman:
Mechanical pidgin translation: an estimate of the research value of
‘word-for-word’ translation into a pidgin language, rather than into the full
normal form of an output language. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine
translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967);
pp.195-227. Reprinted in: Margaret Masterman: Language,
cohesion and form, ed.Yorick Wilks (Cambridge
University Press, 2005); pp.161-186.
(1957) Margaret Masterman, R.M.Needham, K.Spärck Jones, & Bryan Mayoh:
Agricola incurvo terram dimovit aratro (Virgil, “Georgics”) First-stage translation
into English with the aid of Roget’s Thesaurus. In: Essays on and in machine translation [ML92, appendix III]
(Cambridge Language Research Unit), [1957]; 16pp. [PDF, 93KB]. Reprinted in:
Margaret Masterman: Language, cohesion and form, ed.Yorick Wilks (Cambridge University Press, 2005);
pp.149-160 [with commentary by Karen Spärck Jones.]
(1959) Margaret Masterman: A possible
counter-example to F.A.H.Q.M.T.? In: Essays on and in machine translation
[ML91, appendix III] (Cambridge Language Research Unit), 1959; 5 pp. [PDF,
16KB]
(1956) M.V.Heberden: Teaching
the machine grammar.