Machine Translation Archive

Index of System and Project names

Publications before 1970

[See also publications since 2010; publications 2005-2009; publications 2000-2004, publications 1990-1999; publications 1970-1989]

 

Basic English

(1962) K.C.Knowlton: Sentence parsing with a self-organizing heuristic program. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1962; pp.167-168. [PDF,  59KB]

COMIT (programming language)

(1967) Victor H.Yngve: MT at M.I.T. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.451-523.

(1965) Jared L. Darlington: Machine methods for proving logical arguments expressed in English.  Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and October 1965; pp.41-67 [PDF, 422KB]

 (1963) J.L.Darlington: Logical evaluation of arguments stated in “format Q”. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1963; pp.265-268. [PDF, 30KB]

 (1963) J.L.Darlington: An ordinary language input for a COMIT proof-procedure program. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1963; pp.174-176. [PDF, 23KB]

(1963) Jared L. Darlington: Translating ordinary language into symbolic logic. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.34

(1962) K.C.Knowlton: Sentence parsing with a self-organizing heuristic program. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1962; pp.167-168. [PDF,  59KB]

(1961) J.L.Bennett, Carol Bosche, F.Helwig, Muriel Kannel, & V.H.Yngve: COMIT.  In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; p.214.

(1961) V.H.Yngve: Status of research. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1961; pp.197-198. [PDF, 22KB]

(1960) D.Lieberman & V.Yngve: Massachusetts Institute of Technology presentation. In: Summary of the proceedings of the Wayne State University conference of federally sponsored machine translation workers, held at Princeton Inn, Princeton, New Jersey, July 18-22, 1960; pp.6-8.

 (1960) Victor H.Yngve: The COMIT system. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.439-443. [PDF, 51KB]

 (1960) Victor H. Yngve: MT at MIT: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.126-132. [PDF, 69KB]

 (1959) V.H.Yngve: The COMIT system for mechanical translation.  Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Unesco, 1960); pp.183-187. [PDF, 53KB]

(1960) Victor H.Yngve: The COMIT system. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.439-443. [PDF, 51KB]

(1959) V.H.Yngve: The COMIT system for mechanical translation.  Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Unesco, 1960); pp.183-187. [PDF, 53KB]

(1958) Victor H.Yngve: A programming language for mechanical translation, Mechanical Translation 5 (1), July 1958; pp. 25-41 [PDF, 282KB]

(1958) V.H.Yngve & G.H.Matthews: A compiler-interpreter for mechanical translation. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1958; p.176. [PDF, 19KB]

EDSAC (computer)

(1961) A.F.Parker-Rhodes, R.McKinnon Wood, M.Kay & P.Bratley: The Cambridge Language Research Unit computer program for syntactic analysis (M.L.136). Repr. in: K.Sparck Jones (ed.) A lattice model of syntactic description (M.L.147, [part IV]) Cambridge: Cambridge Language Research Unit, July 1961; 45pp. [PDF, 197KB]

Elliott (computer)

(1964) M.Stein: Machine translation work by the computer Elliott 803. Computational Linguistics (Hungary) 2 (1964); pp.219-227. [PDF, 64KB]

Ferranti Mercury  (computer)

(1960) Michael Levison: The application of the Ferranti Mercury computer to linguistic problems. Information and Control 2 (1960); pp.231-247. [PDF, 372KB]

FORTRAN

(1967) Paul O. Samuelsdorff: The application of FORTRAN to automatic translation.  Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 12pp. [PDF, 671KB]

GAT (see also later publications)

(1967) Bozena Henisz-Dostert: Experimental machine translation. In: William M.Austin (ed) Papers in linguistics in honor of Léon Dostert (The Hague: Paris, 1967); pp.57-91. [PDF, 500KB]

(1962) J.A.Moyne: Georgetown automatic translation: general information and operation manual. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University, Machine Translation Research, 1962; ii,27pp. [without appendices.] [PDF, 379KB]

(1961) Paul W. Howerton: The parameters of an operational machine translation system.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.108-111. [PDF, 131KB]

(1961) Lawrence Summers: Machine translation of Russian organic chemical names into English by analysis and resynthesis of the component fragments. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 266-277. [PDF, 78KB] [discussion]

(1961) Michael Zarechnak: A fourth level of linguistic analysis. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 160-171. [PDF, 131KB] [discussion]

 (1960) M.Zarechnak & A.F.R.Brown: Current research at Georgetown University. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.63-87. [PDF, 161KB]

 (1959) Michael Zarechnak: General analysis technique: a system of mechanical translation. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University, Institute of Languages & Linguistics Research Project in Machine Translation, [1959]; 15pp. [PDF, 56KB]

(1959) Michael Zarechnak: Three levels of linguistic analysis in machine translation. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, vol.6, no.1; pp.24-32. [PDF, 142KB]

Georgetown-IBM experiment (1954) (see also earlier and later publications)

(1967) Paul L.Garvin: The Georgetown-IBM experiment of 1954: an evaluation in retrospect. In: William M.Austin (ed) Papers in linguistics in honor of Léon Dostert (The Hague: Paris), pp.46-56. [PDF, 200KB]

 (1956) Paul L.Garvin: Some linguistic problems in machine translation. In: Morris Halle, Horace G.Lunt, Hugh McLean, Cornelis H.van Schooneveld (eds.) For Roman Jakobson: essays on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, 11 October 1956. (The Hague: Mouton, 1956); pp.180-186. [PDF, 79KB]

(1955) Leon E.Dostert: The Georgetown-I.B.M. experiment. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 124-135.

(1955) Jacob Ornstein: Mechanical translation: new challenge to communication. Science 122 (21 October 1955); pp.745-748. [PDF, 198KB]

(1955) Peter Sheridan: Research in language translation on the IBM type 701. IBM Technical Newsletter 9 (January 1955); pp.5-24.[PDF, 248KB]

(1955) W. Schweisheimer: Language translation by electronic computer, Mechanical World, December 1955 [PDF, 788KB]

(1954) Neil Macdonald: Language translation by machine - a report of the first successful trial. Computers and Automation 3 (2), February 1954; pp.6-10. [PDF, 239KB]

(1954) see contemporary newspaper and magazine reports

Georgetown University system see GAT

IBM 650

(1960) Ramon D.Faulk: A general-purpose language translation program for the IBM 650 computer. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.409-421. [PDF, 108KB]

(1957) Aristotelis D.Stathacopoulos: Noun phrase analysis using the IBM 650 computer. The Trend in Engineering at the University of Washington, April 1957; pp.20-22. [PDF, 37KB]

IBM 701 see Georgetown-IBM experiment (1954)

Interlingua [system]

(1962) Jared Darlington: Interlingua and MT, a discussion. Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.1, July 1962; pp.2-7 [PDF, 128KB]

(1961) J.L.Darlington: Interlingua. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; p.213.

(1955) Alexander Gode: Signal system in Interlingua. Mechanical Translation 2 (3), December 1955; pp. 55-60 [PDF, 143KB]

IBM Mark I

(1960) [Automatic translation – of Russian article in Izvestia, August 14 1960] [Handout from IBM.] 6pp. [PDF, 58KB]

(1959) Gilbert W.King: Final report on computer set AN/GSQ-16 (XW-1), vol.I: the photoscopic memory system. Yorktown Heights, New York (RADC-TR 59-110): IBM Research Center, June 20, 1959; [3], 25pp. [PDF, 1346KB]

IBM Mark II

(1967) David B. Orr & Victor H. Small: Comprehensibility of machine-aided translations of Russian scientific documents. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.1 and 2, March and June 1967; pp.1-10 [PDF, 191KB]

Language Processor [IBM[

(1965) Dan M.Bowers & Miles B.Fisk: The World’s Fair machine translator. Computer Design April 1965; pp.16-22, 25-26,28-29. [PDF, 2544KB]

MIMIC

(1960) Hugh Kelly: MIMIC: a translator for English coding. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.451-461. [PDF, 91KB]

Nude

(1956) R.H.Richens: A general programme for mechanical translation between any two languages via an algebraic interlingua. (ML 5). [Cambridge Language Research Unit: 1956]; 10pp. [PDF, 317KB]

RUSTAN

(1963) Sydney M.Lamb: Machine-aided translation. Berkeley: University of California, Sept.1963; 6pp. [PDF, 27KB]

SEAC (computer}

(1957) Richard B.Thomas: The use of SEAC in syntactic analysis.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.151-161. [PDF, 169KB]

SLC (see also GAT)

(1968) Sergei Perschke: Machine translation—the second phase of development. Endeavour, vol.27; pp.97-100. [PDF, 76KB]

 (1968) S.Perschke: The use of machine translation in documentation. In: 1968 Meeting of European Librarians Working in the Nuclear Field.. April 24-25, 1968 (European Atomic Energy Community – EURATOM, EUR 4256 e) Luxemburg: Centre for Information and Documentation, 1969; pp.76-88. [PDF, 75KB]

(1968) S.Perschke: The use of the “SLC” system in automatic indexing. Mechanized Information Retrieval and Dissemination (North-Holland, 1968); pp.300-311. [PDF, 93KB]

(1963) Leon E.Dostert & R.R.Macdonald: Georgetown University Machine Translation research project. General report 1952-1963. Occasional Papers on Machine Translation no.30, June 1963, prepared by R.R.Macdonald; xxi, 236pp. [PDF, 1087KB]

 (1960) A.F.R.Brown: Flexibility versus speed. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.444-450. [PDF, 57KB]

SMART (information retrieval system)

(1969) G.Salton: Automatic processing of foreign language documents. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 4; 29pp. [PDF, 755KB]

SWAC (computer)

(1952) Bilingual machine electronic device will translate foreign-language data. [Possible use of SWAC.] New York Times, October 5, 1952. [PDF, 70KB]

(1950) William S.Barton: New robot brain unveiled at UCLA. [Includes possible use of SWAC to translate.] Los Angeles Times, August 18, 1950. [PDF, 462KB]

(1949) Talking Zephyr. [Includes possible use of SWAC to translate] Newsweek 33 (24), June 13, 1949. [PDF, 209KB]

(1949) Translating by machine. Editorial in New York Times, 1 June 1949. [PDF, 86KB]

(1949) Gladwin Hill: Electric brain able to translate built. [Possible use of SWAC.] New York Times, May 31, 1949. [PDF, 86KB]

World’s Fair

(1965) Dan M.Bowers & Miles B.Fisk: The World’s Fair machine translator. Computer Design April 1965; pp.16-22, 25-26,28-29. [PDF, 2544KB]

Yamato

(1959) S.Takahashi, H.Wada, R.Tadenuma, & S.Watanabe: English-Japanese machine translation. Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Uniesco, 1960); pp.194-199. [PDF, 125KB]