Machine Translation Archive

Index of System, Project and Software names

Publications 1970-1989

[See also publications since 2010; publications 2005-2009; publications 2000-2004, publications 1990-1999; publications before 1970]

 

ADNOM

(1986) Patrick N.Chaffey: Translating administrative terminology using an Olivetti M24.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.95-104. [PDF, 68KB]

AIDTRANS

(1988) Mary McGee Wood & Brian J.Chandler: Machine translation for monolinguals. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.760-763. [PDF, 427KB]

(1987) F. Knowles, G. Jelinek & M. McGee Wood: The Alvey Japanese and English machine translation project.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 73-78 [PDF, 101KB] [Reprint as ‘Alvey project’ in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 45-49]

 (1984) J.Jelinek & J.Hawgood: Automatic integrated dictionary systems. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 20pp. [PDF, 155KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.171-190.]

ALPS

(1988) Mike Scott: The automated translation of software, particularly the computer user interface and user manuals.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.109-118. [PDF, 85KB]

(1987) Cay-Holger Stoll: Translation tools on PC. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.11-26. [PDF, 71KB]

 (1986) New ALPS system running on IBM PCAT. Language Monthly 39, December 1986; pp.3-7. [PDF, 49KB]

(1985) Patrick Corness: The ALPS computer-assisted translation system in an academic environment. Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.118-127. [PDF,

 (1985) Huge order for ALPS: IBM deal means big leap forward for computer translation in Europe. Language Monthly 26, November 1985; p.9. [PDF, 28KB]

(1984) Sophie Ananiadou: A brief survey of some current operational systems. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 171-191.

(1984) Alan Danik: Interactive machine translation: the ALPS computer assisted translation system. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 14, May 1984; 11pp.. [PDF, 162KB]

 (1984) J.Richard Ruffino: Stylistic considerations of machine-assisted and human translation. ATA Chronicle 13 (5), May-June 1984; pp.17-21. [PDF, 37KB]

(1984) Merle Tenney: ALPS. In: Product Forum. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.121-122.

(1983) Russell Bateman: Introduction to interactive translation. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.193-197 [PDF, 21KB]

(1983) Merle D.Tenney: Machine translation, machine-aided translation, and machine-impeded translation.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.105-113 [PDF, 38KB]

ALT

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

AMPAR

(1984) A.N.Kiselev: The utilisation of the structural type-based routines as a homograph resolution method in the AMPAR system. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 31-35. [PDF, 57KB]

(1984) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the USSR. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 15pp. [PDF, 49KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.37-49.]

(1984) B.D.Tikhomirov: AMPAR and NERPA systems of machine translation: some specific features of software and technology.  International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 8pp. [PDF, 29KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.51-57.]

(1984) B.D.Tikhomirov: Some specific features of software and technology in the AMPAR and NERPA systems of machine translation. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 9-11. [PDF, 91KB]

(1980) Yuri N.Marchuk: Syntactico-semantic analysis in the AMPAR machine translation system. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 15-17. [PDF, 136KB]

APAC

(1988) Zdeněk Kirschner: Traditional means in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.328-331. [PDF, 333KB]

(1987) Eva Hajičova & Zdeněk Kirschner: Fail-soft (“emergency”) measures in a production-oriented MT system.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 104-108. [PDF, 308KB]

(1984) Zdeněk Kirschner: On a dependency analysis of English for automatic translation. Contributions to functional syntax, semantics, and language comprehension, ed.Petr Sgall (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1984); pp.335-358. [PDF, 123KB]

Apple Macintosh

(1988) Michel Thibodeau: Mactranslator: a translator workstation on a Mac! Language Technology/Electric Word 10, November-December 1988; pp.32-34. [PDF, 808KB]

ARIANE

(1989) Ch.Boitet: Current projects at GETA on or about machine translation. In: J.A.Campbell and J.Cuena (eds.) Perspectives in artificial intelligence, vol.II: machine translation, NLP, databases and computer-aided instruction (Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1989); pp.48-73. [PDF, 198KB]

(1989) K. Sophonpanich & P. Thajchayapong: Thailand. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 175-176 [PDF, 85KB]

(1989) Zaharin Yusoff: On formalisms and analysis, generation and synthesis in machine translation.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 319-326. [PDF, 587KB]

(1988) Rémi Zajac: Interactive translation: a new approach. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.785-790. [PDF, 373KB]

(1987) Ch. Boitet: Current state and future outlook of the research at GETA.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 26-35 [PDF, 173KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 54-65]

(1986) Christian Boitet: Current machine translation systems developed with GETA’s methodology and software tools.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.114-132. [PDF, 169KB]

(1986)Tong Loong-Cheong: English-Malay translation system: a laboratory prototype. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 639-642. [PDF, 410KB]

(1986) Rémi Zajac: SCSL: a linguistic specification language for MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 393-398. [PDF, 414KB]

(1985) Ch. Boitet, P. Guillaume, & M. Quezel-Ambrunaz: A case study in software evolution: from Ariane-78.4 to Ariane-85.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 27-58. [PDF, 340KB] [abstract, 2pp.]

(1985) R. Gerber & Ch. Boitet: On the design of expert systems grafted on MT systems.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 116-134. [PDF, 690KB]

(1985) B.Vauquois: The approach of Geta to automatic translation: comparison with some other methods. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.29-96. [PDF, 383KB]

(1985) Bernard Vauquois & Christian Boitet: Automated translation at Grenoble University.  Computational Linguistics 11 (1), pp. 28-36 [PDF, 983KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 85-110.]

(1984) Daniel Bachut & Nelson Verastegui: Software tools for the environment of a computer aided translation system. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.330-333. [PDF, 244KB]

 (1984) C.Boitet: Research and development on MT and related techniques at Grenoble University.  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 133-153.

 (1984) J.-P.Guilbaud: Principles and results of a German to French MT system at Grenoble University. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 278-318.

 (1983) P.J.Whitelock & K.J.Kilby: Linguistic and computational techniques in machine translation system design. Final report with descriptions of the systems: SYSTRAN, TAUM METEO, TAUM AVIATION, GETA ARIANE-78, LRC METAL, Wilks’ PS, [and] Yale MT (to follow). Centre for Computational Linguistics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, December 1983; var. pp. [Yale MT not included]. [PDF, 5719KB]

(1982) Ch.Boitet, P.Guillaume, & M.Quezel-Ambrunaz: Implementation and conversational environment of ARIANE 78.4: an integrated system for automated translation and human revision. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 19-27. [PDF, 434KB]

(1982) Jun-ichi Tsujii: The transfer phase in an English-Japanese translation system. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 383-390. [PDF, 462KB]

(1981) Christian Boitet & Nikolai Nedobejkine: Recent developments in Russian-French machine translation at Grenoble. Linguistics 19 (1981), pp.199-271. [PDF, 1227KB]

(1980) Ch.Boitet & N.Nedobejkine: Russian-French at GETA: outline of the method and detailed example. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 437-446. [PDF, 650KB]

ARIS

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

ASCOF

(1986) Axel Biewer, Christian Féneyrol, Johannes Ritzke, & Erwin Stegentritt: ASCOF – a modular multilevel system for French-German translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.267-281. [PDF, 90KB]

(1985) Axel Biewer, Christian Féneyrol, Johannes Ritzke & Erwin Stegentritt: ASCOF -- a modular multilevel system for French-German translation.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 137-154 [PDF, 1339KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 49-84.]

AS-TRANSAC

(1989) Shin-ya Amano, Hideki Hirakawa, & Yoshinao Tsutsumi: AS-TRANSAC: the Toshiba machine translation system. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 107-112 [PDF, 142KB] [Revised version of paper given at MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Shin-ya Amano, Hiroyasu Nogami, & Seiji Miike: A step toward telecommunication with a machine interpreter. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 10pp. [PDF, 119KB]

(1988) Seiji Miike, Koichi Hasebe, Harold Somers, & Shin-ya Amano: Experiences with an on-line translating dialogue system. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7-10 June 1988, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; pp.155-162. [PDF, 647KB]

ATAMIRI (see also later publications)

(1988) Iván Guzmán de Rojas: ATAMIRI – interlingual MT using the Aymara language. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.123-129. [note]

ATEF

(1975) J. Chauche: The ATEF and CETA systems. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 17; pp. 21-40. [PDF, 3453KB]

ATHENE

(1982) Yoshihiko Nitta, Atsushi Okajima, Fumiyuki Yamano, & Koichiro Ishihara: A heuristic approach to English-into-Japanese machine translation. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 283-288. [PDF, 305KB]

ATLAS

(1989) Norihiko Saeki: Machine translation system at Mazda. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 136-139 [PDF, 155KB]

(1989) Shigeru Sato: Practical experience in the application of MT systems. [Contribution to panel].MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentation e.V.] pp. 125-127 [PDF, 52KB]

 (1989) Tsutomu Tanaka: The present situation and prospects for MT-VAN service. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.38-44. [PDF, 35KB]

(1989) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 152-157 [PDF, 100KB]

(1989) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS II: a machine translation system using conceptual structure as an interlingua. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 93-100 [PDF, 177KB] [Rewritten version of paper given at MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]

 (1989) Fujitsu MT. Language Technology/Electric Word 13, May-June 1989; p.11.[PDF, 170KB]

 (1989) Toshiba MT: sushi and sauerkraut. Electric Word 15, September-October 1989; pp.15-16. [PDF, 147KB]

(1988) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS II: a machine translation system using conceptual structures as an interlingua. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 9pp. [PDF, 144KB]

(1987) Norihiko Saeki: Machine translation system at Mazda.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 104 [PDF, 76KB] [Expanded version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 136-139]

(1987) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS: Fujitsu machine translation system.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 129-134 [PDF, 94KB] [Revised version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 93-100]

(1986) K.Hanakata, A.Lesniewski, & S.Yokoyama: Semantic based generation of Japanese German translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 560-562. [PDF, 332KB]

(1986) Hiroshi Kushima & Hiroshi Uchida: Fujitsu’s machine translation systems. Japan Computer Quarterly 64 (1986); pp.19-23. [PDF, 112KB]

(1986) Dietmar Rösner: When Mariko talks to Siegfried: experiences from a Japanese/German machine translation project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 652-654. [PDF, 262KB]

(1986) Hiroshi Uchida: Fujitsu machine translation system: ATLAS. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986); pp. 95-100. [PDF, 184KB]

(1984) J.Laubsch, D.Roesner, K.Hanakata, & A.Lesniewski: Language generation from conceptual structure: synthesis of German in a Japanese/German MT project. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.491-494. [PDF, 312KB]

(1982) Susumu Sawai, Hiromichi Fukushima, Masakatsu Sugimoto, & Naoya Ukai: Knowledge representation and machine translation. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 351-354. [PDF, 304KB]

 (1982) Susumu Sawai, Masakatsu Sugimoto, & Naoya Ukai: Knowledge representation and machine translation. Fujitsu Science and Technology Journal 18 (1), March 1982; pp.117-132. [PDF, 195KB]

(1981) Susumu Sawai: ATLAS project; mimeograph, 5pp. [PDF, 97KB]

BABEL

(1976) T.D.Crawford: Project BABEL: machine translation with English as the target language. In: Alan Jones and R.F.Churchouse (eds.) The computer in literary and linguistic studies, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1976; pp.223-229. [PDF, 111KB]

(1973) T.D.Crawford: A review of the Cardiff machine translation project. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.761-771. [PDF, 214KB]

Bede

(1983) Harold L. Somers: Investigating the possibility of a microprocessor-based machine translation system. First conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California, USA; pp. 149-155 [PDF, 537KB]

(1982) H.L.Somers & R.L.Johnson: Bede: a microprocessor-based machine translation system. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 266-272. [PDF, 231KB]

CALLIOPE

 (1987) Andrew Joscelyne: Calliope and other pipedreams. Language Technology 4, November-December 1987; pp.20-21 [PDF, 748KB]

(1986) Christian Boitet: Current machine translation systems developed with GETA’s methodology and software tools.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.114-132. [PDF, 169KB]

CAP

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt & Manfred Thiel: Controlled active procedures as a tool for linguistic engineering. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 464-469. [PDF, 543KB]

CAT

(1985) Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Louis des Tombe, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A mu1 view of the <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 1-14. [PDF, 202KB]

CAT2

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Randall Sharp: CAT2 -- implementing a formalism for multi-lingual MT. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 203KB]

CETA (Grenoble University)

(1988) Christian Boitet: Bernard Vauqois' contribution to the theory and practice of building MT systems: a historical perspective. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 18pp. (including bibliography) [PDF, 256KB]

 (1984) C.Boitet: Research and development on MT and related techniques at Grenoble University.  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 133-153.

(1975) J. Chauche: The ATEF and CETA systems. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 17; pp. 21-40. [PDF, 3453KB]

(1973) Christian Boitet: Towards an adaptative and interactive system in automatic translation. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.731-759. [PDF, 543KB]

CETA (Chinese-English Translation Assistance)

(1976) J. Mathias: Chinese-English Translation Assistance group [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.26 [PDF, 36KB]

(1973) Jim Mathias: Cooperative file improvement and use of a computer-based Chinese/English dictionary.  Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 36); vol.1, pp.275-279. [PDF, 239KB]

COMIT (programming language)

(1987) Gerald Gazdar: COMIT ==>* PATR II. TINLAP-3: Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing 3: New Mexico State University, 7-9 January 1987. Position papers; pp.39-41. [PDF, 630KB]

COMSKEE (programming language)

(1985) Axel Biewer, Christian Féneyrol, Johannes Ritzke & Erwin Stegentritt: ASCOF -- a modular multilevel system for French-German translation.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 137-154 [PDF, 1339KB]

CONTRAST

(1989) Shun Ishizaki: Machine translation using contextual information. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 25 [PDF, 82KB] [Rewritten version of paper given at MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]

(1987) Shun Ishizaki: Machine translation using contextual information.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 53-54 [PDF, 100KB] [Revised version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 25]

Core Language Engine

(1989) Hiyan Alshawi & Jan van Eijck: Logical forms in the core language engine. 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-29 June 1989, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; pp.25-32. [PDF, 616KB]

COTEL

(1987) Cay-Holger Stoll: Translation tools on PC. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.11-26. [PDF, 71KB]

CRITTER

(1988) Marc Dymetman & Pierre Isabelle: Reversible logic grammars for machine translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 16pp. [PDF, 201KB]

(1988) Pierre Isabelle, Marc Dymetman, & Elliott Macklovitch: CRITTER: a translation system for agricultural market reports. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.261-266. [PDF, 95KB]

CULT (Chinese University Language Translator)

 (1984) Sophie Ananiadou: A brief survey of some current operational systems. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 171-191.

(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh, Hing-Sum Hung, & Luan Kong: A dual language translator. Advances in computer-aided literary and linguistic research: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Computers in Literary and Linguistic Research, University of Aston, Birmingham, 3-7 April 1978 (AMLC 1979); pp.107-115. [PDF,

(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh & Luan Kong: An interactive on-line machine translation system (Chinese into English). Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 135-148. [PDF, 176KB]

(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh, Luan Kong, & Hing-Sum Hung: Machine translation of Chinese mathematical articles. ALLC Bulletin, vol.6, 1978; pp. 111-120. [PDF, 107KB]

(1978) Margaret Masterman: The essential skills to be acquired for machine translation. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp.159-180. [PDF, 347KB]

(1978) P.H.Nancarrow: The Chinese University Language Translator (CULT) – a report. ALLC Bulletin, vol.6, 1978; p. 121. [PDF, 40KB]

 (1977) Loh Shiu-Chang: A report to the Asia Foundation and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund on the machine translation project 1975-1976. Department of Computer Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, January 1977; 23pp. [PDF, 335KB]

(1977) S.C.Loh & L.Kong: Computer translation of Chinese scientific journals.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.631-645 . [PDF, 155KB]

(1976) Shiu-Chang Loh: CULT, Chinese University Language Translator [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.46-50 [PDF, 165KB]

(1976) S.-C. Loh: Machine translation: past, present, and future. ALLC Bulletin 4 (2), 1976; pp.105-114. [PDF, 38KB]

DANTERM

(1979) Lene Frandsen & Bodil Nistrup Madsen: The setting up and operation of  a Danish terminological data bank (the DANTERM project). In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 121-131. [PDF, 52KB]

DIOGENES

(1988) Sergei Nirenburg & Irene Nirenburg: A framework for lexical selection in natural language generation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.471-475. [PDF, 445KB]

(1988) Sergei Nirenburg, Rita McCardell, Eric Nyberg, Scott Huffman, Edward Kernschaft, & Irene Nirenburg: Lexical realization in natural language generation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 16pp. [PDF, 278KB]

DLT [Distributed Language Translation]

 (1989) Claude Bédard: Suddenly it’s discourse analysis. [Book review] Text cohesion in translation [by] Bart Papegaaij and Klaus Schubert… 1988. Language Technology/Electric Word 13, May-June 1989; pp.66-67. [PDF, 238KB]

(1989) Chrysanne DiMarco: [review of] Text coherence in translation [by] Bart Papegaaij and Klaus Schubert (Foris Publications, 1988).  Computational Linguistics 15 (3), p. 207 [PDF, 111KB]

 (1989) Dan Maxwell: DLT: a multilingual translation system. SESAME 2 (2); pp.30-38. [PDF, 235KB]

(1989) Jonathan Slocum: [review of] Word expert semantics [ed. by] Bart C.Papegaaij et al. (Foris Publications, 1986).  Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp. 207-210 [PDF, 111KB]

(1989) DLT claims new conceptual basis for machine translation. Language Technology/Electric Word 14, July-August 1989; p.9. [PDF, 200KB]

 (1988) Alan K. Melby: Lexical transfer: between a source rock and a hard target. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.411-413. [PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Bart Papegaaij &  Klaus Schubert: Text coherence in translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1988. 211pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 3). Contents.

(1988) Klaus Schubert: The architecture of DLT – interlingual or double direct?  In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.131-144. [note]

(1988) Dorine Tamis: The treatment of form determination for French in DLT.  Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 45-56. [PDF, 111KB]

(1988) Toon Witkam: DLT – an industrial R&D project for multilingual MT. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.756-759. [PDF, 294KB]

(1988) BSO’s DLT answers the question: who’s dead? Language Technology 5, January-February 1988; p.6. [PDF, 112KB]

 (1988) BSO launch their DLT prototype: MT system which resolves ambiguities by asking the author. Language Monthly 52, January 1988; pp.4-5. [PDF, 108KB]

 (1987) Peter Rutten: Leader of the pack. Language Technology 2, July-August 1987; pp.20-22. [PDF, 2195KB]

(1987) Victor Sadler: AI-directed interlingual terminography in tomorrow’s MT systems. Proceedings International Congress on Terminology and Knowledge Engineering, 29 Sept.- 1 Oct.1987, University of Trier, Federal Republic of Germany; 7pp. [PDF, 234KB]

(1987) Klaus Schubert: Metataxis: contrastive dependency syntax for machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1987. 250pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 2) [PDF, 7634KB]

(1987) Toon Witkam: Interlingual MT – an industrial initiative.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 135-140 [PDF, 106KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 128-132]

 (1987) AI/Esperanto translator passes first test. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; p.7. [PDF, 355KB]

(1986) B.C.Papegaaij, V.Sadler, & A.P.M.Witkam: Experiments with an MT-directed lexical knowledge bank. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 313-318. [PDF, 320KB]

(1986) B.C.Papegaaij: Word expert semantics: an interlingual knowledge-based approach; ed. V.Sadler and A.P.M.Witkam. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1986.ix,254pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 1). Contents.

 (1985) BSO gets contract for Esperanto MT project. Language Monthly 19, April 1985; p.5. [PDF, 33KB]

 (1984) A.P.M.Witkam: Distributed language translation, another MT system. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 11pp. [PDF, 63KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.133-142.]

 (1984) Can Esperanto help machine translation? Language Monthly 5, February 1984; p.13. [PDF, 64KB]

(1983) A.P.M.Witkam: DLT: distributed language translation – a multilingual system for computer networks. Feasibility study of a multilingual facility for videotex information networks. Utrecht: Buro voor Systeemontwikkeling, 1983. 8 files. [PDF]

DLT [Dual Language Translator]

(1984) Shiu-chang Loh, Luan Kong, & Hing-sum Hung: A new dictionary structure for bi-directional MT system. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 16pp. [PDF, 99KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.157-169.]

DmTrans

(1989) Hiroaki Kitano, Hideto Tomabechi, & Lori Levin: Ambiguity resolution in the DmTrans Plus. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 72-79. [PDF, 739KB]

EDR (see also later publications)

(1989) Hiroshi Uchida & Takahiro Kakizaki: Electronic dictionary project. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 83-86. [PDF, 156KB] 

 (1989) Toshio Yokoi: Electronic dictionary: a language knowledge base. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.63-64. [PDF, 17KB]

(1987) Naohiro Kakizaki: Research and development of an electronic dictionary: current status and future plan.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 61-64 [PDF, 145KB]

ENGSPAN (see also later publications)

 (1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: MT utilization at the Pan American Health Organization. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.56-58. [PDF, 22KB]

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: The place of MT in an in-house translation service. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 158-159 [PDF, 75KB]

(1988) Lee Ann Schwartz: Coordination: some problems and solutions for the analysis of English with an ATN. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp.. [PDF, 117KB]

(1985) Muriel Vasconcellos & Marjorie León: SPANAM and ENGSPAN: machine translation at the Pan American Health Organization.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 122-136 [PDF, 1664KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 187-235.]

 (1984) Marjorie León: Development of English-Spanish machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 19pp. [PDF, 162KB]; abstract, 1p. [PDF, 8KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.97-117.]

ENTRA

(1987) Magnar Brekke & Roald Skarsten: Machine translation: a threat or a promise?  Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.71-79. [PDF, 42KB]

EQUAL

(1988) Heidi M.Johnson, Yukiko Sekine, John S.White, & Gil C.Kim: Application of natural language interface to a machine translation problem. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 15pp. [PDF, 189KB]

ESPRIT

(1986) Leonard Siebenaler: Systran for ESPRIT and ECAT bureau service. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.54-60. [PDF, 22KB]

ETOC

(1988) Eiichiro Sumita & Yutaka Tsutsumi: A translation aid system using flexible text retrieval based on syntax-matching. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 14pp. [PDF, 219KB]

EURATOM

(1979) Juan C.Sager: The computer and multilingualism at the European Commission. Lebende Sprachen 24; pp.103-107. [PDF, 64KB]

Eurodicautom

(1986) P.J.Arthern: Terminology in the European Communities.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.53-60. [PDF, 78KB]

(1984) Patrick Sutton, Maud Fortune & John Scott: Summary of discussion (Parallel Session I: Handling terminology). Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.59-64. [PDF, 26KB]

(1978) J. Goetschalckx: Eurodicautom. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 71-75. [PDF, 157KB]

(1977) J.Goetschalckx: Terminological activities in the European institutions, with special reference to Eurodicautom. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.123-152. [PDF, 203KB]

Euronet

(1977) J.C.Sager: Conclusions and recommendations [at] Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.147-159. [PDF, 131KB]

Eurotra

(1989) John A.Bateman, Robert T.Kasper, Jörg F.L.Schütz, & Eric H.Steiner: A new view on the process of translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 282-290. [PDF, 667KB]

(1989) B.Maegaard: EUROTRA: the machine translation project of the European Communities. In: J.A.Campbell and J.Cuena (eds.) Perspectives in artificial intelligence, vol.II: machine translation, NLP, databases and computer-aided instruction (Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1989); pp.39-47. [PDF, 111KB]

(1989) Loll Rolling: Practical experience in the application of MT systems. [Contribution to panel]. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 123-124 [PDF, 53KB]

(1989) Sergei Perschke: EUROTRA. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 113-119 [PDF, 92KB]

(1989) Jürgen Vollmer: Eurotra – goals, organization and framework design. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1989; pp.85-95. [PDF, 38KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louis des Tombe, & Louisa Sadler: 'Relaxed' compositionality in machine translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 21pp. [PDF, 105KB]

(1988) Annelise Bech & Anders Nygaard: The E-framework: a formalism for natural language processing. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.36-39. [PDF, 345KB]

 (1988) Ian Crookston: Linguistic unmotivation in Eurotra. (Eurotra-Essex Internal Memoranda 11) Colchester: University of Essex, November 1988; i, 9pp. [PDF]

(1988) Bente Maegaard: Designing and testing linguistic development phases in a machine translation project. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.387-389. [PDF, 306KB]

 (1988) B.Maegaard: Eurotra: the machine translation project of the European Communities. Literary and Linguistic Computing 3 (2),pp.61-65. [PDF, 132KB]

 (1988) M.Meya & J.Vidal: An integrated model for the treatment of time in MT-systems. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.437-441. [PDF, 327KB]

(1988) Geoff Pogson: Maghi King on machine translation. Language Technology 5, January-February 1988; pp.11-12. [PDF, 3465KB]

 (1988) Anthony Raw, Frank van Eynde, Pius ten Hacken, Heleen Hoekstra, & Bart Vandecapelle: A introduction to the Eurotra machine translation system. Working Papers in Natural Language Processing 1), [1988]; 38pp. [PDF, 627KB]

(1988) Anthony Raw, Bart Vandecapelle & Frank Van Eynde: Eurotra: an overview. Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 5-32. [PDF, 218KB]

(1988) Erich H.Steiner & Jutta Winter-Thielen: On the semantics of focus phenomena in Eurotra. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.630-635. [PDF, 466KB]

(1988) Frank van Eynde: The analysis of tense and aspect in Eurotra. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.699-704. [PDF, 517KB]

(1988) Giovanni B. Varile & Peter Lau: Eurotra: practical experience with a multilingual machine translation system under development.  Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 160-167. [PDF, 522KB]

(1988) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: Universal quantification in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.791-795. [PDF, 479KB]

(1988) Eurotra: too much R, not enough D. Rx: more ECUs [on report chaired by A.E.Pannenborg]. Language Technology 5, January-February 1988; p.4. [PDF, 171KB]

(1987) Doug Arnold & Louis des Tombe: Basic theory and methodology in EUROTRA.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.114-135.

(1987) Peter Lau: Eurotra: past, present and future. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.186-191. [PDF, 31KB]

(1987) Peter Lau & Sergei Perschke: Morphology in the Eurotra base level concept. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 19-25. [PDF, 522KB]

(1987) Sergei Perschke: EUROTRA: the EEC R&D programme for the creation of a machine translation system of advanced design.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 89-96 [PDF, 103KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 37-44]

(1987) Dominique Petitpierre, Stevn Krauwer, Doug Arnold, & Giovanni B.Varile: A model for preference.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 134-139. [PDF, 526KB]

(1987) Frank van Eynde: Iteration, habituality and verb form semantics. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 270-277. [PDF, 174KB]

(1987) B.H.E.Wilson: Session 4: summary of the discussion. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.192-194. [PDF, 15KB]

 (1987) European Parliament calls for independent report on Eurotra. Language Monthly 40, January 1987; pp.4-5. [PDF, 94KB]

 (1987) Eurotra: the day of reckoning. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; pp.22-25. [PDF, 355KB]

(1986) Poul Andersen: Presentation of EUROTRA-DK’s ECS component. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.158-173. [PDF, 85KB]

(1986) D.J.Arnold, S.Krauwer, M.Rosner, L.des Tombe, & G.B.Varile: The <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra: a theoretically committed notation for MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 297-303. [PDF, 681KB]

(1986) Johann Haller & Dieter Maas: Eurotra-D: linguistic research and software test systems for machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.177-196. [PDF, 65KB]

(1986) Johann Haller & Heinz-Dieter Maas: Linguistic research and software test systems for machine translation. Summary page for Eurotra-D. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.174-175. [PDF, 34KB]

(1986) Lieven Jaspaert: Linguistic developments in Eurotra since 1983. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 294-296. [PDF, 282KB]

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt & Manfred Thiel: Controlled active procedures as a tool for linguistic engineering. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 464-469. [PDF, 543KB]

(1986) Paul Schmidt: Valency theory in a stratificational MT-system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 307-312. [PDF, 618KB]

(1986) Erich Steiner: Generating semantic structures in Eurotra-D. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 304-306. [PDF, 180KB]

 (1986) Tony Whitecomb: Eurotra goes public. Language Monthly 38, November 1986; pp.20-21. [PDF, 97KB]

(1986) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: An empirically based approach towards a system of semantic features. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 7-12. [PDF, 617KB]

(1986)  Eurotra: first annual report. Commission of the European Communities com (86) 431 final,  Brussels, 25 July 1986; 30pp. [PDF, 45KB]

(1986) Eurotra: second annual report of the Commission, including the first activity report of the Eurotra Advisory Committee on Programme Management (ACPM) submitted by the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament; 19pp. [PDF]

(1985) Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Louis des Tombe, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A mu1 view of the <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 1-14. [PDF, 202KB]

(1985) D. Bachut: On the production environment proposed for the Eurotra project.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 15-26. [PDF, 182KB]

(1985) Christian Boitet, Nelson Verastegui, & Daniel Bachut: Various representations of text proposed for Eurotra. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 73-78. [PDF, 419KB]

(1985) Louis des Tombe, Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A preliminary linguistic framework for EUROTRA, June 1985.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 283-288. [PDF, 138KB]

(1985) Rod Johnson, Maghi King, & Louis des Tombe: EUROTRA: a multilingual system under development.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 155-169 [PDF, 1406KB]

(1985) Peter Lau: Elements of Eurotra today. Terminologie et Traduction, 3, 1985; pp.31-42. [PDF, 46KB]

 (1985) Loll Rolling, Europe’s information transfer specialist. Language Monthly 24, September 1985; pp.12-13. [PDF, 106KB]

(1985) Frank van Eynde, Louis des Tombe, & Fons Maes: The specification of time meaning for machine translation. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 35-40. [PDF, 386KB]

(1985) N. Verastegui: On debugging environment proposed for EUROTRA.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 323-334. [PDF, 439KB]

(1984) Doug Arnold & Rod Johnson: Robust processing in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.472-475. [PDF, 354KB]

(1984) R.L.Johnson, S.Krauwer, M.A.Rosner, & G.B.Varile: The design of the kernel architecture for the Eurotra software. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.226-235. [PDF, 726KB]

 (1984) M.King & S.Perschke: EUROTRA.  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 373-391.

(1984) Steven Krauwer & Louis Des Tombe: Reflections on transfer in machine translation. Contrastes, Hors série A4, jan.1984; pp.69-80. [PDF, 47KB]

(1984) Steven Krauwer & Louis des Tombe: Transfer in a multilingual MT system. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.464-467. [PDF, 216KB]

(1984) Allen B.Tucker: A perspective on machine translation: theory and practice. Communications of the ACM 27(4); 322-329. [note]

(1982) Bente Maegaard: The transfer of finite verb forms in a machine translation system. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 190-195. [PDF, 219KB]

(1981) M. King: EUROTRA: an attempt to achieve multilingual MT. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 139-147. [PDF, 35KB]

(1981) Margaret King: EUROTRA – a European system for machine translation. Lebende Sprachen 26; pp.12-14. [PDF, 48KB]

(1981) Veronica Lawson: Machines take over the drudgery, The Times, 7 April 1981; 1p. [PDF, 34KB]

(1979) Bente Maegaard & Hanne Ruus: Structuring linguistic information for machine translation: the EUROTRA interface structure. In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 159-169. [PDF, 85KB]

FRAP

(1984) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the USSR. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 15pp. [PDF, 49KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.37-49.]

GAT (see also earlier and  later publications)

(1976) Martha W. Gerrard: Regular use of machine translation of Russian at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp. 53-56 [PDF, 214KB]

(1976) Fred C. Hutton: Georgetown University MT system usage, Nuclear Division, Union Carbide Corp.... [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.57. [PDF, 3691KB]

(1976) Michael Zarechnak: Russian-English system, Georgetown University [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.51-52 [PDF, 113KB]

Georgetown-IBM experiment (1954) (see also earlier and later publications)

(1989) G. Richard Tucker & Michael Zarechnak: Three historical notes. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.385-392. [PDF, 28KB]

GETA

(1988) Christian Boitet: Bernard Vauqois' contribution to the theory and practice of building MT systems: a historical perspective. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 18pp. (including bibliography) [PDF, 256KB]

(1986) Christian Boitet: Current machine translation systems developed with GETA’s methodology and software tools.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.114-132. [PDF, 169KB]

(1985) B.Vauquois: The approach of Geta to automatic translation: comparison with some other methods. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.29-96. [PDF, 383KB]

 (1984) C.Boitet: Research and development on MT and related techniques at Grenoble University.  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 133-153.

(1977) Christian Boitet: Where does GETA stand at the beginning of 1977?  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.88-120. [PDF, 220KB]

GRADE

(1986) Jun-ichi Nakamura, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Makoto Nagao: Solutions for problems of MT parser: methods used in Mu-machine translation project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 133-135. [PDF, 293KB]

(1985) Makoto Nagao, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Jun-ichi Nakamura: The Japanese government project for machine translation system.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 91-110 [PDF, 1499KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 141-186.]

 (1985) Jun-ichi Nakamura, Jun-ichi Tsujii & Makoto Nagao: Grammar writing system (GRADE) of Mu-machine translation project and its characteristics. Journal of Information Processing vol. 8, no.2, October 1985; pp.93-100. [PDF, 355KB]

 (1984) Jun-ichi Nakamura, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Makoto Nagao: Grammar writing system (GRADE) of Mu-machine translation project and its characteristics. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.338-343. [PDF, 403KB]

 (1984) Jun-ichi Nakamura & Makoto Nagao: A software system for describing a grammar of machine translation: GRADE. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; abstract, 2pp. [PDF, 15KB]

(1984) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Masayuki Satoh, & Tetsuya Ishikawa: Lexicon features for Japanese syntactic analysis in Mu-project-JE. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.42-47. [PDF, 461KB]

(1984) Jun-ichi Tsujii, Jun-ichi Nakamura, & Makoto Nagao: Analysis grammar of Japanese in the Mu-project – a procedural approach to analysis grammar. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.267-274. [PDF, 535KB]

GramR

(1988) Claude Bédard: Do you need a weatherman? Language Technology/Electric Word 10, November-December 1988; pp.15-16. [PDF, 53KB]

GTS

(1989) Claude Bédard: GTS: new and affordable machine translation. Electric Word 15, September-October 1989; pp.53-54. [PDF, 626KB]

HICATS/JE

(1989) Hiroyuki Kaji: Language control for effective utilization of HICATS/JE. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 72-77 [PDF, 91KB]

(1989) Tadaaki Oshio: Applied testing of HICATS/JE for Japanese patent abstracts.  In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 140-144 [PDF, 151KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1987) Hiroyuki Kaji: HICATS/JE: a Japanese-to-English machine translation system based on semantics.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 55-60 [PDF, 122KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 101-106]

(1987) Tadaaki Oshio: Applied testing of HICATS/JE for Japanese patent abstracts.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 87-88 [PDF, 107KB] [Expanded version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 140-144]

IMT/EC

(1988) Chen Zhaoxiang & Gao Qingshi: English-Chinese machine translation system IMT/EC. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.117-122. [PDF, 573KB]

INK TextTools

 (1988) Mark Olsen: INK text tools: bilingual glossary management for commercial and academic translators. Language Technology 6 March-April 1988; pp.22-25. [PDF, 2125KB]

(1987) Cay-Holger Stoll: Translation tools on PC. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.11-26. [PDF, 71KB]

INTERDOC

(1988) Terminology databank based on conceptual relationships: Ericsson unveil INTERDOC at Hanover Fair. Language Monthly 55, April 1988; pp.3-5. [PDF, 97KB]

ITS [Brigham Young University]

(1982) Alan K.Melby: Multi-level translation aids in a distributed system.  Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 215-220. [PDF, 380KB]

(1981) Alan K.Melby: Translators and machines – can they cooperate? Meta 26 (1), 1981; pp.23-34. [note]

(1980) Alan K.Melby, Melvin R.Smith & Jill Peterson: ITS: interactive translation system. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 424-429. [PDF, 403KB]

 (1980) Jill E.Peterson: Word sense selection in a one-to-many, interactive computer-assisted translation system. Sixth International ALLC Symposium: Computers in Literary and Linguistic Research, 28 March – 3 April 1980, University of Cambridge, England; 25pp. [PDF, 71KB]

JALPAC

(1989) Andrew Joscelyne: The JALPAC kiss of life. Electric Word 16, November-December 1989; pp.61-62. [PDF, 249KB]

(1989) Japan Electronic Industry Development Association: A Japanese view of machine translation in light of the considerations and recommendations reported by ALPAC, U.S.A. JEIDA, [1989]; 20pp., lacking appendices. [PDF, 103KB]

JETR

(1987) Rika Yoshii: JETR: a robust machine translation system. 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 July 1987, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; pp.25-31. [PDF, 542KB]

(1986) Rika Yoshii: A robust machine translation system. SPIE vol.635 Applications of Artificial Intelligence II (1986); pp.455-463. [PDF,422KB]

JFY-IV

(1989) Liu Zhuo, Fu Aiping, & Li Wei: JFY-IV machine translation system. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.] pp. 88-93 [PDF, 93KB]

JICST

(1989) Tatsuo Ashizaki: Outline of the JICST machine translation system. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 44-49 [PDF, 91KB]

KANT (see also later publications)

(1986) Tae Wan Kim, Jin Tae Lee, Chang Ho Park, & Ki Sik Lee: Machine translation of the Ural-Altaic as an agglutinative language - On the Korean to Japanese translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.148-157. [PDF, 154KB]

(1986) Chang ho Park: On the Korean-Japanese machine translation: summary of the system. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.146-147. [PDF, 36KB]

KBMT-89 (see also later publications)

(1989) Sergei Nirenburg: KBMT-89: a knowledge-based MT project at Carnegie-Mellon University. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 106-112 [PDF, 154KB]

(1989) Sergei Nirenburg: New developments in knowledge-based machine translation. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp. 344-357. [PDF, 139KB]

KIELIKONE

(1988) Harri Jäppinen, Eero Lassila & Aarno Lehtola: Locally governed trees and dependency parsing. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.275-277. [PDF, 365KB]

Leibnitz

(1976) John Chandioux: Leibnitz – a multilingual system [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.25 [PDF, 41KB]

LEXIS

(1987) Erika Hoffmann: The LEXIS termbank. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.154-160. [PDF, 31KB]

(1982) Erika Hoffman: Stages in the life cycle of Lexis. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference…11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.186-191. [PDF,23KB]

LIDIA

(1989) Ch.Boitet: Motivations, aims and architecture of the LIDIA project.MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 52-54 [PDF, 122KB]

LITRAS

(1985) John S. White: Characteristics of the METAL machine translation system at production stage.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 359-369. [PDF, 128KB]

L-MAPS

(1986) Fujio Nishida, Yoneharu Fujita, & Shinobu Takamatsu: Construction of a modular and portable translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 649-651. [PDF, 278KB]

LMT

(1989) Michael McCord: LMT. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 94-99 [PDF, 169KB]

 (1989) M.C.McCord: A new version of the machine translation system LMT. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3), pp.218-229. [PDF, 614KB]

(1989) Michael C. McCord: Design of LMT: a Prolog-based machine translation system.  Computational Linguistics 15 (1), pp. 33-52 [PDF, 2306KB]

(1985) Michael C. McCord: LMT: a Prolog-based machine translation system. [extended abstract]  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 179-182. [PDF, 102KB]

Logos

(1989) Ron Fournier & Larry Rogers: Translation and republication of technical documents.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.91-93. [PDF, 15KB]

 (1989) Geoffrey Kingscott: World’s biggest translation order? Language International 1(4), July/August 1989; pp.15-16. [PDF, 107KB]

(1989) Bernard E. Scott: The Logos system. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 137-142 [PDF, 156KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Andrew Joscelyne: Logos beats the wheels of fortune. Language Technology/Electric Word 8, July-August 1988; pp.25-27. [PDF, 1237KB]

(1986) Peter Wheeler: The LOGOS translation system . International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.20-33. [PDF, 72KB]

(1985) Wolfgang Heitmann: A user’s experience of the LOGOS machine translation system: a manger’s viewpoint.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.128-140. [PDF, 89KB]

 (1984) Sophie Ananiadou: A brief survey of some current operational systems. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 171-191.

(1984) Ralph E.Hawes: Logos Corporation. In: Product Forum. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.122-123.

 (1984) Veronica Lawson: Users of machine translation system report increased output. Language Monthly 11, August 1984; pp.6-10. [PDF, 143KB]

 (1984) Robert Ordish: Personal impressions of a machine translation system. The Incorporated Linguist vol.23, no.3, Summer 1984; pp.136-145. [PDF, 68KB]

(1983) Ralph E.Hawes: Logos: the intelligent translation system. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.131-139 [PDF, 34KB]

(1983) Klaus E.Tschira: Looking back at a year of German-English MT with Logos. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.215-235 [PDF, 200KB]

(1977) Bernard E. Scott: Linguistic and computational motivations for the Logos machine translation system – an overview. Mt Arlington: Logos Corporation, 1977 rev. 1998. 40pp. Repr in: IAI Working Paper no.36, 2000. [PDF, 181KB]

(1975) Yorick Wilks: [Letter on Logos MT system]. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 17; pp. 8-9. [PDF, 69KB]

(1974) Bernard E. Scott: [Letter on Logos MT system]. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 6; pp. 5-6. [PDF, 147KB]

(1973) H.Wallace Sinaiko & George R.Klare: Further experiments in language translation: a second evaluation of the readability of computer translations.  ITL (Review of Applied Linguistics) 19 (1973); pp.29-52. [PDF, 711KB]

(1972) H.Wallace Sinaiko & George R.Klare: Further experiments in language translation: readability of computer translations. ITL (Review of Applied Linguistics) 15 (1972); pp.1-29. [PDF, 139KB]

LUTE

(1987) Kiyoshi Kogure & Hirosato Nomura: Computer environment for meaning structure representation and manipulation in machine translation system. Presentation at International Conference on Information and Knowledge, November 1987, Yokohama; 12pp. [PDF, 513KB]

(1986) Hirosato Nomura, Shozo Naito, Yasuhiro Katagiri, & Akira Shimazu: Translation by understanding: a machine translation system LUTE. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 621-626. [PDF, 711KB]

(1986) Hirosato Nomura & Hitoshi Iida: English-Japanese interactive machine translation system LUTE – AID. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.131-145. [PDF, 146KB]

(1986) Hirosato Nomura: System summary of LUTE – AID. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; p.130. [PDF, 38KB]

(1985) Shozo Naito, Akira Shimazu, & Hirosato Nomura: Classification of modality function and its application to Japanese language analysis. 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 8-12 July 1985, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; pp.27-34. [PDF, 690KB]

(1984) Hitoshi Iida, Kentaro Ogura, & Hirosato Nomura: A case analysis method cooperating with ATNG and its application to machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.154-158. [PDF, 433KB]

MacroCAT

(1987) Magnar Brekke & Roald Skarsten: Machine translation: a threat or a promise?  Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.71-79. [PDF, 42KB]

(1985) O.K.Ewell: Computer aided translation: design and implementation. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.143-149. [PDF, 44KB]

MARIS

(1986) Edith Kroupa: Multilingual aspects of reference information systems (MARIS). International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.227-241. [PDF, 83KB]

MATER

(1977) G.Beling: The use of EDP in terminology work. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.101-121. [PDF, 154KB]

MAX

(1987) Jeffrey S.Mann: Get Smart! Industrial strength language processing from Smart Communications.  Language Technology 3, September-October 1987; pp.12-15. [PDF, 1411KB]

MCE (Multinational Customized English)

(1981) J.Richard Ruffino: Coping with machine translation.  Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 57-60. [PDF, 17KB]

Mercury

  (1987) Mercury/Termex: dictionary look-up for translators. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; pp.30-31. [PDF, 2010KB]

(1986) Dwight Marsh: Background to Mercury, a glossary building program for translators. Language Monthly 31, April 1986; p.12. [PDF, 191KB]

(1986) Leland D.Wright: The Mercury glossary management software package. Language Monthly 31, April 1986; pp.13-15. [PDF, 191KB]

(1986) InfoARBED to distribute MERCURY. Language Monthly 34, July 1986; p.28. [PDF,                       

METAL (see also later publications)

(1989) Reiner Arntz: Practical experience in the application of MT-systems.[Contribution to panel]. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 42-43 [PDF, 61KB]

(1989) Ralf Kohlrausch: Philips Kommunikations Industries. Language Technology/Electric Word 13, May-June 1989; p.57. [PDF, 393KB]

 (1989) Patrick Little: METAL – machine translation in practice.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.94-107. [PDF, 101KB]

(1989) Thomas Schneider: The METAL system, status 1989. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 128-136 [PDF, 115KB]

(1989) Raymond Shah: Translation of engineering documentation with METAL. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 152-159 [PDF, 224KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

 (1989) METAL translation heavies. .Language Technology/Electric Word 11, January-February 1989; pp.9-10. [PDF, 138KB]

(1988) Juan A. Alonso: A model for transfer control in the METAL MT-system. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.19-24. [PDF, 383KB]

(1988) Winfield S.Bennett: Methodological considerations in the METAL project. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 8pp. [PDF, 141KB]

(1988) Rudi Gebruers: Valency and MT: recent developments in the METAL system. Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 168-175. [PDF, 656KB]

(1988) M.Meya & J.Vidal: An integrated model for the treatment of time in MT-systems. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.437-441. [PDF, 327KB]

(1987) Thomas Schneider: The Metal system, status 1987.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 105-111 [PDF, 112KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 122-127]

(1987) Raymond Shah: Translation of engineering documentation with METAL.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 112 [PDF, 69KB] [Expanded version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 152-159]

(1987) John S. White: The research environment in the METAL project.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.225-246.

 (1986) Jonathan Slocum: How one might automatically identify and adapt to a sublanguage: an initial exploration. In: Ralph Grishman [and] Richard Kittredge (eds.) Analyzing language in restricted domains: sublanguage description and processing (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1986); pp.195-210. [PDF, 145KB]

 (1986) Belgian computer translation project. Language Monthly 33, June 1986; p.7. [PDF, 29KB]

(1985) Winfield S. Bennett & Jonathan Slocum: The LRC machine translation system.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 111-121 [PDF, 1157KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 111-140.]

(1985) Rebecca Root: A two-way approach to structural transfer in MT. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 70-72. [PDF, 261KB]

 (1985) Jonathan Slocum & Anthony Aristar: The treatment of grammatical categories and word order in machine translation. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.155-183. [PDF, 173KB]

(1985) Jonathan Slocum, Winfield S. Bennett, Lesley Whiffin, & Edda Norcross: An evaluation of METAL: the LRC machine translation system.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 62-69. [PDF, 812KB]

(1985) John S. White: Characteristics of the METAL machine translation system at production stage.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 359-369. [PDF, 128KB]

 (1984) Jonathan Slocum: METAL: the LRC machine translation system.  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 319-350.

(1983) P.J.Whitelock & K.J.Kilby: Linguistic and computational techniques in machine translation system design. Final report with descriptions of the systems: SYSTRAN, TAUM METEO, TAUM AVIATION, GETA ARIANE-78, LRC METAL, Wilks’ PS, [and] Yale MT (to follow). Centre for Computational Linguistics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, December 1983; var. pp. [Yale MT not included]. [PDF, 5719KB]

(1982) Winfield S.Bennett: The LRC machine translation system: an overview of the linguistic component of METAL. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 29-31. [PDF, 108KB]

(1980) Jonathan Slocum: An experiment in machine translation. 18th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 19-22 June 1980, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.163-164. [PDF, 191KB]

Météo

(1988) Claude Bédard: Do you need a weatherman? Language Technology/Electric Word 10, November-December 1988; pp.15-16. [PDF, 53KB]

(1985) Richard I. Kittredge: The significance of sublanguage for automatic translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 154-166. [PDF, 143KB]

(1985) Richard I.Kittredge: The significance of sublanguage for automatic translation. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.101-113. [PDF, 60KB]

(1984) Pierre Isabelle: Machine translation at the TAUM group.  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 247-277.

(1983) Daniel Pérusse: Machine translation. ATA Chronicle 12 (8), 1983; pp.6-8. [PDF, 49KB]

 (1983) P.J.Whitelock & K.J.Kilby: Linguistic and computational techniques in machine translation system design. Final report with descriptions of the systems: SYSTRAN, TAUM METEO, TAUM AVIATION, GETA ARIANE-78, LRC METAL, Wilks’ PS, [and] Yale MT (to follow). Centre for Computational Linguistics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, December 1983; var. pp. [Yale MT not included]. [PDF, 5719KB]

 (1982) Richard Kittredge: Variation and homogeneity of sublanguages. In: Richard Kittredge and John Lehrberger (eds.) Sublanguage: studies of language in restricted semantic domains (Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1982); pp.107-137. [PDF, 745KB]

 (1982) John Lehrberger: Automatic translation and the concept of sublanguage. In: Richard Kittredge and John Lehrberger (eds.) Sublanguage: studies of language in restricted semantic domains (Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1982); pp.81-106. [PDF, 174KB]

(1981) Richard I.Kittredge: The development of automated translation systems in Canada. Lebende Sprachen 26 (3), 1981; pp.100-103. [PDF, 58KB]

(1981) Benoît Thouin: The METEO system. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 39-44. [PDF, 26KB]

(1978) Richard Kittredge: Textual cohesion within sublanguages: implications for automatic analysis and synthesis. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 78), Bergen, Norway on August 17, 1978; 30pp. [PDF, 79KB]

(1976) John Chandioux: METEO, an operational system for the translation of public weather forecasts. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.27-36 [PDF, 324KB]

MicroCAT see Weidner systems

MicroPak see Weidner systems

MiMo

(1989) Gertjan van Noord, Joke Dorrepaal, Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louisa Sadler, & Louis des Tombe: An approach to sentence-level anaphora in machine translation.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 780KB]

MIND

(1971) Martin Kay: The MIND system. In: Randall Rustin (ed.) Natural language processing: Courant Computer Science Symposium 8, December 20-21, 1971 (New York: Algortithmics Press, 1973); pp.155-188. [PDF, 119KB]

Minitel

(1989) Jean Gachot: Machine translation in everyday use. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.72-73. [PDF, 108KB]

 (1987) Andrew Joscelyne: Terminology on Minitel in France. Language Technology 2, July-August 1987; p.19. [PDF, 261KB]

MMT (see also later publications)

(1987) Yoshihide Tsuji: Research and development project of machine translation system with Japan’s neighboring countries.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 116-120 [PDF, 126KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 50-53]

MOPTRANS

(1987) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.302-316.

(1985) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 167-178. [PDF, 176KB]

MT-VAN

(1989) Tsutomu Tanaka: The present situation and prospects for MT-VAN service. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.38-44. [PDF, 35KB]

Mu (see also later publications)

(1989) Tatsuo Ashizaki: Outline of the JICST machine translation system. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 44-49 [PDF, 91KB]

 (1989) Jun-ichi Tsujii: Machine translation in natural language understanding. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3), pp.214-217. [PDF, 173KB]

(1987) Makoto Nagao: Role of structural transformation in a machine translation system.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.262-277.

(1987) Jun-ichi Tsujii: The current stage of the Mu-project.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 122-127 [PDF, 119KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 66-71]

(1986) Makoto Nagao & Jun-ichi Tsujii: The transfer phase of the Mu machine translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 97-103. [PDF, 560KB}

(1986) Jun-ichi Nakamura, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Makoto Nagao: Solutions for problems of MT parser: methods used in Mu-machine translation project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 133-135. [PDF, 293KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Tetsuya Ishikawa, & Masyuki Satoh: Concept and structure of semantic markers for machine translation in Mu project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 13-19. [PDF, 642KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Unified operation control system for Mu machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.114-128. [PDF, 172KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Summary [of Mu machine translation system]. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; p.113. [PDF, 38KB]

(1985) Makoto Nagao, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Jun-ichi Nakamura: The Japanese government project for machine translation system.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 91-110 [PDF, 1499KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 141-186.]

(1985) Makoto Nagao: Structural transformation in the generation stage of Mu Japanese to English machine translation system.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 200-223. [PDF, 332KB]

 (1985) Jun-ichi Nakamura, Jun-ichi Tsujii & Makoto Nagao: Grammar writing system (GRADE) of Mu-machine translation project and its characteristics. Journal of Information Processing vol. 8, no.2, October 1985; pp.93-100. [PDF, 355KB]

 (1984) Makoto Nagao, Toyoaki Nishida & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Dealing with incompleteness of linguistic knowledge in language translation – transfer and generation stage of Mu machine translation project. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.420-427. [PDF, 473KB]

(1984) Jun-ichi Nakamura, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Makoto Nagao: Grammar writing system (GRADE) of Mu-machine translation project and its characteristics. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.338-343. [PDF, 403KB]

NARA

(1988) Hee Sung Chung: A principle-based Korean/Japanese machine translation system: NARA. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 161KB]

(1986) Hee Sung Chung & Tosiyasu L. Kunji: NARA: a two-way simultaneous interpretation system between Korean and Japanese – a methodological study. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 325-328. [PDF, 395KB]

NERPA

 (1984) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the USSR. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 15pp. [PDF, 49KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.37-49.]

(1984) B.D.Tikhomirov: AMPAR and NERPA systems of machine translation: some specific features of software and technology.  International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 8pp. [PDF, 29KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.51-57.]

(1984) B.D.Tikhomirov: Some specific features of software and technology in the AMPAR and NERPA systems of machine translation. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 9-11. [PDF, 91KB]

NTRAN

(1988) Mary McGee Wood & Brian J.Chandler: Machine translation for monolinguals. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.760-763. [PDF, 427KB]

(1987) F. Knowles, G. Jelinek & M. McGee Wood: The Alvey Japanese and English machine translation project.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 73-78 [PDF, 101KB] [Reprint as ‘Alvey project’ in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 45-49]

Olivetti M24

(1986) Patrick N.Chaffey: Translating administrative terminology using an Olivetti M24.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.95-104. [PDF, 68KB]

PACE

(1988) P.J.Pym: Pre-editing and the use of simplified writing for MT: an engineer’s experience of operating an MT system.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.80-96. [PDF, 146KB]

PC-Translator (see also later publications)

 (1989) Geoffrey Kingscott: Low cost MT…PC-Translator. Language International 1(4), July/August 1989; pp.30-31. [PDF, 54KB]

(1989) Claude Bédard: The return of low-linguistics MT. PC-Translator: can a low cost machine translator do the job? Language Technology/Electric Word 14, July-August 1989; p.53, 57. [PDF, 238KB]

PECOF

(1988) Fujio Nishida, Shinobu Takamatsu, Tadaaki Tani, & Tsunehisa Doi: Feedback of correcting information in postediting to a machine translation system. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.476-481. [PDF, 691KB]

Penman

(1989) John A.Bateman, Robert T.Kasper, Jörg F.L.Schütz, & Eric H.Steiner: A new view on the process of translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 282-290. [PDF, 667KB]

(1989) Eduard H. Hovy: The current status of the Penman language generation system.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Cape cod, Massachusetts, USA, October 15-18, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); p. 449. [PDF, 501KB]

(1989) William C. Mann & Eduard H. Hovy: The Penman language generation project.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, February 21-23, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); pp. 151-152. [PDF, 529KB]

PENSEE

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1987) Masashi Sakamoto & Tsutomu Shiino: Japanese-English machine translation system “PENSEE”. Oki Technical Review 125 vol.53, April 1987; pp.9-15. [PDF, 228KB]

PeriPhrase

(1986) Kenneth R.Beesley & David Hefner: PeriPhrase: lingware for parsing and structural transfer. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 390-392. [PDF, 335KB]

PERSIS

(1985) Mohammad Ali Sanamrad & Haruya Matsumoto: PERSIS:a natural-language analyser for Persian.. Journal of Information Processing 8 (4), 1985; pp.271-279. [PDF, 335KB]

PHLIQA

(1980) S.P.J.Landsbergen: Adaptation of Montague grammar to the requirements of question-answering. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 211-212. [PDF, 117KB]

PIVOT

(1987) Tatsuo Arai: The user-developer experience.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 24-25 [PDF, 89KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 147-149]

(1987) Kazunori Muraki: PIVOT: two-phase machine translation system.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 81-83 [PDF, 99KB] [Reprinted in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 113-115]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Machine translation: a problem of understanding. Japan Computer Quarterly 64 (1986); pp.36-54. [PDF, 365KB]

PLAIN

(1986) Peter Hellwig: Programs for language analysis and inference (PLAIN): a workbench for machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.210-226. [PDF, 94KB]

Polygloss

(1989) Ulrich Heid & Sybille Raab: Collocations in multilingual generation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 130-136. [PDF, 507KB]

Prolog (programming language)

(1989) Michael McCord: LMT. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 94-99 [PDF, 169KB]

(1989) Michael C. McCord: Design of LMT: a Prolog-based machine translation system.  Computational Linguistics 15 (1), pp. 33-52 [PDF, 2306KB]

(1987) Kazuhiro Fuchi: The FGCS project and machine translation systems.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 40-47 [PDF, 137KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 13-18]

(1987) Dominique Petitpierre, Stevn Krauwer, Doug Arnold, & Giovanni B.Varile: A model for preference.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 134-139. [PDF, 526KB]

(1987) Mary McGee Wood, Elaine Pollard, Heather Horsfall, Natsuko Holden, Brian Chandler, & Jeremy Carroll: Dictionary organization for machine translation: the experience and implications of the UMIST Japanese project.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 94-98. [PDF, 419KB]

(1986) Randall Sharp: A parametric NL translator. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 124-126. [PDF, 304KB]

(1986) P.J.Whitelock, M.McGee Wood, B.J.Chandler, N.Holden & H.J.Horsfall: Strategies for interactive machine translation: the experience and implications of the UMIST Japanese project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 329-334. [PDF, 684KB]

(1985) J.M.Choi, M.S.Song, K.J.Jeong, H.C.Kwon, S.T.Han, & Y.T.Kim: A Prolog-based Korean-English machine translation system and its efficient method of dictionary management. Logic Programming ’85: proceedings of the conference, Tokyo 1985; pp.236-245. [PDF, 206KB]

(1985) Michael C. McCord: LMT: a Prolog-based machine translation system. [extended abstract]  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 179-182. [PDF, 102KB]

(1984) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine translation environment. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.243-246. [PDF, 328KB]

PROTRAN

(1977) I.D.K. Kelly: PROTRAN – a generalized translation tool for natural and algorithmic languages.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.647-660. [PDF, 182KB]

Q-systems

(1988) Zdeněk Kirschner: Traditional means in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.328-331. [PDF, 333KB]

(1987) Jan Hajič: RUSLAN – an MT system between closely related languages. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;  pp. 113-117. [PDF, 288KB]

(1984) Zdeněk Kirschner: On a dependency analysis of English for automatic translation. Contributions to functional syntax, semantics, and language comprehension, ed.Petr Sgall (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1984); pp.335-358. [PDF, 123KB]

(1981) Eva Hajičova & Zdeněk Kirschner: Automatic translation from English to Czech. Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 35, 55-65. [PDF, 87KB]

 (1980) Jarmila Panevova & Petr Sgall: Automatic syntactical analysis of the Czech language. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 24-26. [PDF, 133KB]

RAREAS

(1988) Richard Kittredge, Lidija Iordanskaja, & Alain Polguère: Multi-lingual text generation and the Meaning-Text Theory. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 196KB]

(1986) R.Kittredge, A.Polguère, & E.Goldberg: Synthesizing weather forecasts from formatted data. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 563-565. [PDF, 312KB]

REFTEX

(1987) Poul Søren Kjærsgaard: REFTEX – a context-based translation aid. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 109-112. [PDF, 252KB]

Rosetta [Egypt]

(1987) Rosetta: rock-aided-translation. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; p.11. [PDF, 308KB]

Rosetta [The Netherlands]

(1989) Jan Landsbergen: The Rosetta project. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 82-87 [PDF, 133KB]

 (1989)  Jan Landsbergen, Jan Odijk, & André Schenk: The power of compositional translation. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3), pp.191-199. [PDF, 354KB]

(1989) Jan Odijk: The organization of the Rosetta grammars. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 80-86. [PDF, 667KB]

(1989) André Schenk: The formation of idiomatic structures. Eindhoven: Philips Research Laboratories, 1988; 12pp. [PDF, 250KB]

 (1988) René Leermakers: How to cover a grammar. [Eindhoven: Philips Research Laboratories, 1988]; 7pp. [PDF, 314KB]

(1988) Peter Rutten: Philip’s Rosetta machine translator: a question of semantics. Language Technology 5, January-February 1988; pp.22-24. [PDF, 1202KB]

(1988) Margreet Joyce Sanders: The Rosetta translation system. Eindhoven: Philips Research Laboratories, November 1988; 15pp. [PDF, 289KB]

(1988) Elly van Munster: The treatment of scope and negation in Rosetta. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.442-447. [PDF, 615KB]

(1987) Lisette Appelo, Carel Fellinger, & Jan Landsbergen: Subgrammars, rule classes and control in the Rosetta translation system.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 118-133. [PDF, 1161KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo: A compositional approach to the translation of temporal expressions in the Rosetta system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 313-318. [PDF, 574KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo & Jan Landsbergen: The machine translation project Rosetta. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.36-50. [PDF, 114KB]

(1986) André Schenk: Idioms in the Rosetta machine translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 319-324. [PDF, 542KB]

(1986) R. Leermakers & J.Rous: The translation method of Rosetta. Presented at the International Conference on Machine and Machine-aided Translation, April 7-9, 1986, Aston University Birmingham; 20pp. [PDF,328KB]

(1985) Jan Landsbergen: Montague grammar and machine translation [with discussion]. In: Linguistic theory and computer applications, ed. P.Whitelock, M.M.Wood, H.L.Somers, R.Johnson and P.Bennett [proceedings of Workshop 4-6 September 1985, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology] (London: Academic Press, 1987); pp.113-147. [PDF, 694KB]

(1984) Jan Landsbergen: Isomorphic grammars and their use in the Rosetta translation system.  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 351-372.

(1982) Jan Landsbergen: Machine translation based on logically isomorphic Montague grammars. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 175-181. [PDF, 356KB]

RUSLAN (see also later publications)

(1988) Alevtina Bémová, Karel Oliva, & Jarmila Panevová: Some problems of machine translation between closely related languages. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.46-48. [PDF, 352KB]

(1987) Jan Hajič: RUSLAN – an MT system between closely related languages. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;  pp. 113-117. [PDF, 288KB]

Saarbrücker Translation Service

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

SALAT

(1982) Christa Hauenschild: A pragmatic concept of theme and rheme for machine translation. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 121-123. [PDF, 113KB]

(1979) Christa Hauenschild, Edgar Huckert, & Robert Maier: SALAT: machine translation via semantic representation. In: R.Bäuerle, U.Egli, & A.von Stechow (eds.) Semantics from different points of view (Springer Series in Language and Communication, 6) Berlin: Springer, 1979; pp.324-352. [PDF, 649KB]

SEMSYN

(1988) Dietmar Rösner: The SEMSYN generation system: ingredients, applications, prospects. Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 25-32. [PDF, 538KB]

(1986) Martin Emele, Walter Kehl, & Dietmar Rösner: Generating natural language from semantic representations – an AI approach to a Japanese/German machine translation project.. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.67-78. [PDF, 87KB]

(1986) Martin Emele, Walter Kehl, & Dietmar Rösner: SEMSYN – summary of system data. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; p.66. [PDF, 35KB]

(1986) K.Hanakata, A.Lesniewski, & S.Yokoyama: Semantic based generation of Japanese German translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 560-562. [PDF, 332KB]

(1986) Dietmar Rösner: When Mariko talks to Siegfried: experiences from a Japanese/German machine translation project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 652-654. [PDF, 262KB]

(1984) J.Laubsch, D.Roesner, K.Hanakata, & A.Lesniewski: Language generation from conceptual structure: synthesis of German in a Japanese/German MT project. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.491-494. [PDF, 312KB]

SERNA

(1974) Peter Toma: Computer translation: in its own right. Kommunikationsforschung und Phonetik: Festschrift zum fünfzigsten Bestehen des Instituts für Kommunikationsforschung und Phonetik der Universität Bonn (IKP Forschungsberichte 50] (Hamburg: Buske Verlag, 1974), pp.155-164. [PDF, 44KB].

SLC (see also GAT)

(1977) Sara R. Jordan, Antony F.R. Brown, & Fred C. Hutton: Computerized Russian translation at ORNL. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 28 (January 1977); pp.26-33. [PDF, 110KB]

(1972) Sergei Perschke: SLC-II: a programming system for natural-language text processing. A comparison with previous special-purpose programming languages. International Computing Symposium: proceedings, CINI Foundation, Venice, 12-14 April 1972; pp.73-81. [PDF, 221KB]

(1971) S.Perschke & H.Fangmeyer: Methodology and software development for application in information science. Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre, Ispra Establishment, Italy: Annual Report 1971; pp.80-84. [PDF, 61KB]

SLUNT

(1983) Walter Goshawke: The rules of number language (SLUNT), part 3. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 13, February 1983; 8pp.. [PDF, 89KB]

(1979) Walter Goshawke: Research Colloquium in Information Retrieval, Aston, April 1979. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 8, April 1979; pp.3-4. [PDF, 110KB]

(1979) Walter Goshawke: SLUNT notes: the rules of number language, part 2. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 8, April 1979; pp.9-16. [PDF, 243KB]

(1978) Walter Goshawke: SLUNT notes: the rules of number language, part I. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 7, November 1978; pp.9-16. [PDF, 237KB]

(1977) W.Goshawke: SLUNT (Spoken Language Universal Numeric Translation).  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.661-675. [PDF, 179KB]

(1974) Walter Goshawke: Spoken languages universal numeric translation. Private publ., December 1974; 28pp. [PDF, 111KB]

SPANAM (see also later publications)

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: Cohesion and coherence in the presentation of machine translation products. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.89-105. [PDF, 159KB]

 (1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: MT utilization at the Pan American Health Organization. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.56-58. [PDF, 22KB]

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: The place of MT in an in-house translation service. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 158-159 [PDF, 75KB]

(1986) Muriel Vasconcellos: Post-editing on-screen: machine translation from Spanish into English.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.133-146. [PDF, 93KB]

(1985) Muriel Vasconcellos & Marjorie León: SPANAM and ENGSPAN: machine translation at the Pan American Health Organization.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 122-136 [PDF, 1664KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 187-235.]

(1984) Allen B.Tucker: A perspective on machine translation: theory and practice. Communications of the ACM 27(4); 322-329. [note]

 (1984) Muriel Vasconcellos: Machine translation at the Pan American Health Organization. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 14, May 1984; 18pp.. [PDF, 235KB]

(1983) Muriel Vasconcellos: Management of the machine translation environment: interaction of functions at the Pan American Health Organization.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.115-129 [PDF, 90KB]

SPLEEN

(1977) Françoise Blamoutier: Training in the drafting of texts for documentation in controlled language for the purposes of automatic translation. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.495-511. [PDF, 161KB]

(1977) P.Brossier, A.Mamfredos, C.Milelli, & M.Zennaki: Integration of automatic translation modules in SPLEEN software, specially devised for documentary networks.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.513-527. [PDF, 159KB]

SPSS

(1987) Petr Strossa: “SPSS” – an algorithm and data structures design for a machine aided English-to-Czech translation system. Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 47, 1987; pp.25-36. [PDF, 284KB]

SUSY  (Saarbrücker Übersetzungsystem)

(1986) Karl-Heinz Freigang: Research on machine translation at the University of Saarbrücken. Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.83-94. [PDF, 58KB]

(1986) Edith Kroupa: Multilingual aspects of reference information systems (MARIS). International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.227-241. [PDF, 83KB]

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt & Manfred Thiel: Controlled active procedures as a tool for linguistic engineering. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 464-469. [PDF, 543KB]

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt: A CAP parser generator for German. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.244-266. [PDF, 87KB]

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt: Data about SAFRAN and SUSY-II. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.242-243. [PDF, 35KB]

(1984) Heinz Dieter Maas: Control and data structures in the MT system SUSY-E.  International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; abstract, 3pp. [PDF, 160KB]

(1984) Heinz-Dieter Maas: The MT system SUSY. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 209-246.

(1977) H.D.Maas: The Saarbrücken automatic translation system (SUSY).  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.586-592. [PDF, 101KB]

(1977) J. Weissenborn: The role and form of analysis in machine translation: the automatic analysis of French at Saarbrücken. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.593-611. [PDF, 147KB]

SWETRA

(1988) Bengt Sigurd: Translating to and from Swedish by SWETRA – a multilanguage translation system. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.205-218. [note]

SYGMART

(1986) P.C.Rolf & J.Chauché: Machine translation and the SYGMART system. Computers and the Humanities 20 (1986); pp.283-288. [PDF, 252KB]

SYSTRAN

(1989) Denis A. Gachot: The SYSTRAN renaissance. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 60-66 [2nd ed.: pp.66-71] [PDF, 138KB]

(1989) Jean Gachot: Machine translation in everyday use. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.72-73. [PDF, 108KB]

 (1989) Veronica Lawson: Practice makes less imperfect: users’ needs and their influence on machine translation development. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.51-58. [PDF, 54KB]

 (1989) Ian M.Pigott: Systran at the Commission of the European Communities. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.29-31. [PDF, 18KB]

(1989) Loll Rolling: Practical experience in the application of MT systems. [Contribution to panel]. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 123-124 [PDF, 53KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Andrew Joscelyne: Jean Gachot resurrecting Systran. Language Technology 6 March-April 1988; pp.22-25. [PDF, 1491KB]

(1988) Mike Scott: The automated translation of software, particularly the computer user interface and user manuals.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.109-118. [PDF, 85KB]

(1987) Ryozo Akiyama: Our experience in using Systran.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 13-14 [PDF, 58KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 150-151]

(1987) Ian M.Pigott: Machine translation dictionaries. Terminologie et Traduction, 3.1987; pp.13-19. [PDF, 32KB]

(1987) Ian M.Pigott: Systran machine translation processing as an example of natural language understanding. Terminologie et Traduction, 3.1987; pp.21-31. [PDF, 36KB]

(1987) Joann P. Ryan: Systran: a machine translation system to meet user needs.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 99-103 [PDF, 101KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 116-121]

(1987) Peter Toma: The elimination of obstacles to machine translation’s technical prospects.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 114 [PDF, 79KB]

 (1987) Systran progress report. Language Monthly 51, December 1987; p.9. [PDF, 70KB]

(1986) proceedings of World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986, Commission des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg

(1986) Cay-Holger Stoll: The SYSTRAN system. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.3-19. [PDF, 83KB]

 (1986) Richard Ruffino dies. Language Monthly 33, June 1986; p.7. [PDF, 38KB]

 (1986) Toma explains why he sold Systran rights; further report on the Luxembourg conference. Language Monthly 31, April 1986; pp.6-10. [PDF, 311KB]

 (1985) F.W.A.Habermann: MT with Systran at Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center.  Terminologie et Traduction, 2, 1985; pp.1-8. [PDF, 83KB]

 (1985) Ian M.Pigott: Machine translation as an integral part of the electronic office environment.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.144-151. [PDF, 34KB]

(1985) Patrick Sutton: Session II: summary of discussion 2.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.109-117. [PDF, 16KB]

(1985) S.Traboulsi: Systran system. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.133-140. [PDF, 139KB]

 (1985) E.Wagner: Post-editing Systran – a challenge for Commission translators. Terminologie et Traduction, 3, 1985; pp.1-7. [PDF, 31KB]

 (1984) F.W.A.Habermann: Application of SYSTRAN for translation of nuclear technology texts at the Nuclear Center of Karlsruhe [abstract and slides]. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 14pp. [PDF, 124KB]

(1984) F.W.A. Habermann: Systran user. In: Product Forum. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.123-124.

(1984) Anne-Marie Laurian: Machine translation: what type of post-editing on what type of documents for what type of users. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.236-238. [PDF, 216KB]

 (1984) Ian M.Pigott: The difficulty of developing logical algorithms for the machine translation of natural language. Terminologie Bulletin 45; pp. 7-19. [PDF, 47KB]

 (1984) Ian M.Pigott: The difficulty of developing logical algorithms for the machine translation of natural language. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 12pp. [PDF, 42KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.83-95.]

 (1984) J.Richard Ruffino: Stylistic considerations of machine-assisted and human translation. ATA Chronicle 13 (5), May-June 1984; pp.17-21. [PDF, 37KB]

(1984) Allen B.Tucker: A perspective on machine translation: theory and practice. Communications of the ACM 27(4); 322-329. [note]

 (1984) Peter J.Wheeler: Changes and improvements to the European Commission’s Systran MT system 1976/84. Terminologie Bulletin 45; pp. 25-37. [PDF, 48KB]

 (1984) Peter J.Wheeler: Changes and improvements to the European Commisssion’s Systran system 1976/84. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 12pp. [PDF, 48KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.69-82.]

 (1984) Peter J.Wheeler: SYSTRAN. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 192-208.

 (1983) Ian M.Pigott: Systran machine translation at the EC Commission. Terminologie Bulletin 44; pp.23-29. [PDF, 28KB]

(1983) Elizabeth Wagner: Rapid post-editing of Systran. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.199-213 [PDF, 98KB]

(1983) P.A.Walker: A Commission of the European Communities user looks at machine translation. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.145-163 [PDF, 105KB]

(1983) Peter Wheeler: The errant avocado. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 13, February 1983; 16pp.. [PDF, 287KB]

 (1983) P.J.Whitelock & K.J.Kilby: Linguistic and computational techniques in machine translation system design. Final report with descriptions of the systems: SYSTRAN, TAUM METEO, TAUM AVIATION, GETA ARIANE-78, LRC METAL, Wilks’ PS, [and] Yale MT (to follow). Centre for Computational Linguistics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, December 1983; var. pp. [Yale MT not included]. [PDF, 5719KB]

 (1982) Peter Wheeler & Veronica Lawson: Computing ahead of the linguists. Ambassador International March 1982; pp.21-22. [PDF, 23KB]

(1982) A.R.Clarke: The scope for machine aids to translation – with a view from the sharp end.  Quinquereme 5 (1), 1982; pp.83-92. [PDF, 84KB]

(1981) J. Albert Bachrach: Introductory remarks [to Session 3: The posteditors’ experience.] Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 99-100. [PDF, 11KB]

(1981) Dale A. Bostad: Quality control procedures in modification of the Air Force Russian-English MT system. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 129-133. [PDF, 27KB]

(1981) Roy Green: The MT errors which cause most trouble to posteditors. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 101-104. [PDF, 15KB]

(1981) Bernard Lavorel: Experience in English-French post-editing. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 105-109. [PDF, 19KB]

 (1981) Veronica Lawson: Machines take over the drudgery, The Times, 7 April 1981; 1p. [PDF, 34KB]

(1981) Veronica Lawson: Tigers and polar bears, or: Translating and the computer. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 11, August 1981; pp.5-17. [PDF, 400KB]

(1981) Ian M.Pigott: How does Systran translate? British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 10, February 1981; pp.20-42. [PDF, 198KB]

(1981) Ian M. Pigott: The importance of feedback from translators in the development of high-quality machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 61-73. [PDF, 301KB]

(1981) Francesco Rossi: The impact of posteditors’ feedback on the quality of MT. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 113-117. [PDF, 27KB]

(1981) J.Richard Ruffino: Coping with machine translation.  Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 57-60. [PDF, 17KB]

(1981) Stanley P. Sereda: Practical experience of machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 119-127. [PDF, 78KB]

(1981) Georges Van Slype: Economic aspects of machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 79-93. [PDF, 97KB]

(1980) P.J.Arthern: Aids unlimited: the scope for machine aids in a large organization. Machine aids for translators: Aslib Technical Translation Group conference and exhibition, London, 20 November 1980 (Aslib Proceedings 33 (7/8), July/August 1981); pp.309-319. [PDF, 192KB]

(1980) Peter J. Arthern: Machine translation – a translator’s viewpoint.  Lebende Sprachen, vol.25, no.1, pp.9-14. [PDF, 65KB]

 (1979) Ian M.Pigott: Theoretical options and practical limitations of using semantics to solve problems of natural language analysis and machine translation. In: The analysis of meaning: Informatics 5. Proceedings of a conference held by the Aslib Informatics Group and the BCS Information Retrieval Specialist Group, 26-28 March 1979, The Queen’s College, Oxford, ed.Maxine MacCafferty and Kathleen Gray. (Aslib: 1979); pp.239-269. [PDF, 219KB]

 (1979) Juan C.Sager: The computer and multilingualism at the European Commission. Lebende Sprachen 24; pp.103-107. [PDF, 64KB]

(1979) Georges van Slype: Critical study of methods for evaluating the quality of machine translation. Final report. Brussels: Bureau Marcel van Dijk [for] European Commission. [HTML]

(1979) Georges Van Slype: Systran: evaluation of the 1978 version of the Systran English-French automatic system of the Commission of the European Communities. The Incorporated Linguist, vol.18, no.3, Summer 1979, pp.86-89. [PDF, 106KB]

(1978) Peter J. Arthern: Machine translation and computerized terminology systems: a translator’s viewpoint. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp.77-108. [PDF, 253KB]

(1978) John S.G.Elliston: Computer aided translation: a business viewpoint. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 149-158. [PDF, 172KB]

(1978) F. Knowles: Error analysis of Systran output – a suggested criterion for the ‘internal’ evaluation of translation quality and a possible corrective for system design. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 109-133. [PDF, 222KB]

(1978) Margaret Masterman: The essential skills to be acquired for machine translation. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp.159-180. [PDF, 347KB]

(1978) Juan C. Sager: Multilingual communication: chairman’s introductory review of translating and the computer. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 1-25. [PDF, 196KB]

(1977) Jacques Chaumier: Assessment of SYSTRAN. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.74-82. [PDF, 135KB]

 (1977) Sara R. Jordan, Antony F.R. Brown, & Fred C. Hutton: Computerized Russian translation at ORNL. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 28 (January 1977); pp.26-33. [PDF, 110KB]

(1977) P.P.Toma: SYSTRAN as a multilingual machine translation system. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.569-581. [PDF, 119KB]

(1976) Peter Toma: SYSTRAN [summary]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.40-45 [PDF, 279KB]

(1976) Peter Toma: An operational machine translation system. In: Richard W.Brislin (ed.) Translation: applications and research (New York: Gardner Press, 1976); pp.247-259. [PDF, 106KB]

(1974) Peter Toma: Computer translation: in its own right. Kommunikationsforschung und Phonetik: Festschrift zum fünfzigsten Bestehen des Instituts für Kommunikationsforschung und Phonetik der Universität Bonn (IKP Forschungsberichte 50] (Hamburg: Buske Verlag, 1974), pp.155-164. [PDF, 44KB].

(1972) André R. Gouin: Machine translation in Canada. [Report of conference, Ottawa, Canada, 27-28 April 1972]. Private publ. 18pp. [PDF, 406KB]

(1970) André R. Gouin: French to English machine translation system based upon digital computer software programs (Systran). MSc thesis, School of Engineering, Air Force Institute of technology, Air University (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, [USA]), March 1970. xii, 41pp. (appendices omitted) [PDF, 4077KB]

TAUM

(1989) Rita McCardell: [review of] Machine translation: linguistic characteristics of MT systems and general methodology of evaluation [by] John Lehrberger and Laurent Bourbeau (John Benjamins Publishing Co., 1988).  Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp. 194-195 [PDF, 253KB]

(1988) Claude Bédard: Do you need a weatherman? Language Technology/Electric Word 10, November-December 1988; pp.15-16. [PDF, 53KB]

(1985) Richard I.Kittredge: The significance of sublanguage for automatic translation. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.101-113. [PDF, 60KB]

(1985) Richard I. Kittredge: The significance of sublanguage for automatic translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 154-166. [PDF, 143KB]

TAUM-Aviation

(1985) Pierre Isabelle & Laurent Bourbeau: TAUM-AVIATION: its technical features and some experimental results.  Computational Linguistics 11 (1), pp. 18-27 [PDF, 976KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 237-263.]

 (1984) Pierre Isabelle: Machine translation at the TAUM group.  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 247-277.

(1984) Elliott Macklovitch: Recent Canadian experience in machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 11pp. [PDF, 37KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.59-67.]

(1983) Daniel Pérusse: Machine translation. ATA Chronicle 12 (8), 1983; pp.6-8. [PDF, 49KB]

 (1983) P.J.Whitelock & K.J.Kilby: Linguistic and computational techniques in machine translation system design. Final report with descriptions of the systems: SYSTRAN, TAUM METEO, TAUM AVIATION, GETA ARIANE-78, LRC METAL, Wilks’ PS, [and] Yale MT (to follow). Centre for Computational Linguistics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, December 1983; var. pp. [Yale MT not included]. [PDF, 5719KB]

(1982) John Lehrberger: Automatic translation and the concept of sublanguage. In: Richard Kittredge and John Lehrberger (eds.) Sublanguage: studies of language in restricted semantic domains (Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1982); pp.81-106. [PDF, 174KB]

(1981) Richard I.Kittredge: The development of automated translation systems in Canada. Lebende Sprachen 26 (3), 1981; pp.100-103. [PDF, 58KB]

(1981) John Lehrberger: The linguistic model: general aspects. In: Laurent Bourbeau (ed.) Linguistic documentation of the computerized translation chain of the TAUM-AVIATION system (Montreal: TAUM, 1981), pt.IV. 20pp. [PDF, 393KB]

(1978) Richard Kittredge: Textual cohesion within sublanguages: implications for automatic analysis and synthesis. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 78), Bergen, Norway on August 17, 1978; 30pp. [PDF, 79KB]

(1977) John Chandioux: Creation of a second-generation system for machine translation of technical manuals. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.613-621. [PDF, 112KB]

TAUM-Météo see Météo

TAURAS

(1989) Shin-ya Amano, Hideki Hirakawa, & Hiroyasu Nogami: The TAURAS design philosophy. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 36-41 [PDF, 118KB]

(1987) Shin-ya Amano, Hideki Hirakawa & Yoshinao Tsutsumi: TAURAS: the Toshiba machine translation system.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 15-23 [PDF, 119KB] [Reprint as ‘AS-TRANSAC’ in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 107-112]

(1987) Yoichi Yamaoka: Computer aided translation system and computerized dictionary.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 141-142 [PDF, 55KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 145-146]

TEAM

(1980) Karl-Heinz Brinkmann: Terminology data banks as a basis for high-quality translation. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; p. 463. [PDF, 94KB]

(1980) J.Schulz: A terminology data bank for translators (TEAM). Meta 25 (2), 1981; pp.211-228. [note]

(1978) Eberhard H. Tanke: Implementing machine aids to translation. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 45-69. [PDF, 270KB]

(1977) J.Schulz: A terminology data bank for translators: methods of interrogation in the TEAM system. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.153-188. [PDF, 191KB]

TECM

(1984) Liu Shiao-shu: TECM – translation of English into Chinese on a micro. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 11pp. [PDF, 66KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.191-200.]

Termbase

(1988) Alain Paillet: User experience of Termbase.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.97-108. [PDF, 97KB]

TERMDOK

(1989) Tim Davies: TERMDOK: the ultimate translator’s tool. Electric Word 16, November-December 1989; pp.51-52. [PDF, 354KB]

TERMEX

(1987) Cay-Holger Stoll: Translation tools on PC. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.11-26. [PDF, 71KB]

(1987) Mercury/Termex: dictionary look-up for translators. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; pp.30-31. [PDF, 2010KB]

Termium

(1987) Alain Landry: The Termium termbank: today and tomorrow. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.130-144. [PDF, 121KB]

TermNet

(1982) Helmut Felber: Computerized terminology in TermNet: the role of terminological data banks. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.8-20. [PDF, 208KB]

TEXAN

(1986) Annely Rothkegel: Pragmatics in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 335-337. [PDF, 262KB]

TIBAQ

(1981) Eva Hajičova & Zdeněk Kirschner: Automatic translation from English to Czech. Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 35, 55-65. [PDF, 87KB]

TITRAN

(1983) Jun Ibuki, Masako Kume, Makato Nagao & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Japanese-to-English title translation system, TITRAN – its outline and the handling of special expressions in titles. Journal of Information Processing vol. 6, no.4, February 1983; pp.231-238. [PDF, 359KB]

TITUS

 (1984) Sophie Ananiadou: A brief survey of some current operational systems. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 171-191.

(1983) A.A.Streiff: New developments in TITUS 4.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.185-192 [PDF, 52KB]

(1978) Hermann-Josef Zingel: Experiences with TITUS II. International Classification 5 (1), March 1978; pp.33-37. [PDF, 75KB]

TOVNA MTS

 (1989) MT system from Israel. Language International 1(6), December 1989; p.29. [PDF, 23KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

TRANPRO

(1986) Ian Johnston: TRANPRO – the translation processor. Language Monthly 34, July 1986; pp.26-27. [PDF, 95KB]

TransActive

(1987) NCR: computer-aided-translation in the real world. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; p.18. [PDF, 890KB]

TRANSLATOR

(1987) Sergei Nirenburg & Victor Raskin: The subworld concept lexicon and the lexicon management system.  Computational Linguistics 13 (3-4), pp. 276-289 [PDF, 1187KB]

(1987) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin, & Allen B. Tucker: The structure of interlingua in TRANSLATOR.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.90-113

(1987) James Pustejovsky & Sergei Nirenburg: Lexical selection in the process of language generation. 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 July 1987, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; pp.201-206. [PDF, 453KB]

(1986) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin, & Allen Tucker: On knowledge-based machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 627-632. [PDF, 508KB]

(1986) Allen B.Tucker, Sergei Nirenburg, & Victor Raskin: Discourse and cohesion in expository text. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 181-183. [PDF, 323KB]

(1985) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin & Allen B. Tucker: Interlingua design for TRANSLATOR.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 224-244. [PDF, 318KB]

Translator’s Workbench (TWB)

(1989) Khurshid Ahmad, Heather Fulford, Paul Holmes-Higgin, Margaret Rogers, & Patricia Thomas: The Translator’s Workbench project.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.9-19. [PDF, 89KB]

TRANSOFT

(1986) G.William Moore, U.N.Riede, Richard A.Polacsek, Robert E.Miller, & Grover M.Hutchins: Automated translation of German to English medical text. The American Journal of Medicine, vol.81, July 1986; pp.103-111. [PDF, 395KB]

(1986) G.W.Moore, U.N.Riede, R.A.Polacsek, R.E.Miller, & G.M.Hutchins: Group theory approach to computer translation of medical German. Methods of Information in Medicine 25 (1986); pp.176-182. [PDF, 346KB]

Transtar

(1989) $5000 Chinese MT. Language Technology/Electric Word 13, May-June 1989; pp.9-10. [PDF, 252KB]

Transword

(1988) New hope for secretaries. Language Technology 5, January-February 1988; p.7. [PDF, 110KB]

(1987) Cay-Holger Stoll: Translation tools on PC. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.11-26. [PDF, 71KB]

Universal Parser Compiler

(1988) Masaru Tomita, Marion Kee, Hiroaki Saito, Teruko Mitamura, & Hideto Tomabechi: The Universal Parser Compiler and its application to a speech translation system. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 19pp. [PDF, 259KB]

VENUS

(1988) Heidi M.Johnson, Yukiko Sekine, John S.White, & Gil C.Kim: Application of natural language interface to a machine translation problem. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 15pp. [PDF, 189KB]

(1985) Kazunori Muraki, Shunji Ichiyama, & Yasutomo Fukumochi: Augmented dependency grammar: a simple interface between the grammar rule and the knowledge.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 198-204. [PDF, 450KB]

VISULEX

(1984) Daniel Bachut & Nelson Verastegui: Software tools for the environment of a computer aided translation system. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.330-333. [PDF, 244KB]

Wang

(1983) Ralph E.Hawes: Logos: the intelligent translation system. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.131-139 [PDF, 34KB]

Weidner systems

 (1989) Geoffrey Kingscott: The Language International interview: Takehiko Yamamoto of Bravice International Inc. Language International 1(3), May/June 1989; pp.5-7. [PDF, 167KB]

(1988) Isabella Moore: Criteria for selecting MT systems. Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.18-30. [PDF, 59KB]

(1988) P.J.Pym: Pre-editing and the use of simplified writing for MT: an engineer’s experience of operating an MT system.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.80-96. [PDF, 146KB]

(1987) Magnar Brekke & Roald Skarsten: Machine translation: a threat or a promise?  Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.71-79. [PDF, 42KB]

 (1984) Sophie Ananiadou: A brief survey of some current operational systems. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 171-191.

(1984) Stephen Kerce: Weidner Communications Corporation. In: Product Forum. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.124, 128.

 (1984) John Newton: Computer-aided translation on personal micro. Language Monthly 10, July 1984; pp.12-13. [PDF, 112KB]

(1983) Ulla Magnusson-Murray: Operational experience of a machine translation service.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.171-180 [PDF, 78KB]

(1983) Henrietta B.Pons: WCC’s translation service bureau. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.165-169 [PDF, 23KB]

(1982) Ulla Magnusson-Murray: Computer-assisted translation at ITT: a talk given…15th April 1982. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 12, April 1982; pp.6-14. [PDF, 231KB]

(1981) Michael G. Hundt: Working with the Weidner machine-aided translation system. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 45-51. [PDF, 58KB]

Winger92

(1989) New MT system for Danish. Language International 1(6), December 1989; p.29. [PDF, 46KB]

XTRA

(1986) Xiuming Huang: A brief description of the XTRA machine translation system. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.282-285. [PDF, 40KB]

(1985) Xiuming Huang: Machine translation in the SDCG formalism.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 135-144. [PDF, 336KB]