Machine Translation Archive

 

Index of general and miscellaneous topics

Publications 1970-1989

 

For other periods go to: Publications since 2010; publications 2005-2009; publications 2000-2004; publications 1990-1999; publications before 1970

 

Bibliography

(1985) Jonathan Slocum: A machine(-aided) translation bibliography, generally restricted to currently accessible documents written in English, French, or German during the years 1973-1984.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 170-183 [PDF, 1629KB] [Expanded to cover 1973-1986 in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); 265-341.]

 (1984) Bibliography. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 393-435.

(1974) Bibliography: machine translation. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 14; pp. 56-59. [PDF, 193KB]

(1971) Harry H.Josselson: Automatic translation of languages since 1960: a linguist’s view. Advances in Computers 11, pp.1-58. [PDF, 400KB]

(1971) Theoretical study effort of high quality translation. Bibliography of relevant papers by consultants and major contributors. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.55-72 [PDF, 86KB]

 (1970) Margaret Masterman: Cambridge Language Research Unit (CLRU) [with bibliography]. In: Allen Kent and Harold Lancour (eds.) Encyclopedia of library and information science, vol.4 (New York: Dekker, 1970); pp.33-50. [PDF, 90KB]

Book reviews

(1989) Claude Bédard: Suddenly it’s discourse analysis. [Book review] Text cohesion in translation [by] Bart Papegaaij and Klaus Schubert… 1988. Language Technology/Electric Word 13, May-June 1989; pp.66-67. [PDF, 238KB]

(1989) Chrysanne DiMarco: [review of] Test coherence in translation [by] Bart Papegaaij and Klaus Schubert (Foris Publications, 1988).  Computational Linguistics 15 (3), p. 207 [PDF, 111KB]

(1989) John Hutchins: [review of] Machine translation today: the state of the art [ed. by] Margaret King (Edinburgh University Press, 1987).  Computational Linguistics 15 (2), pp. 117-120 [PDF, 509KB]

(1989) Andrew Joscelyne: The JALPAC kiss of life. Electric Word 16, November-December 1989; pp.61-62. [PDF, 249KB]

(1989) Tony Whitecomb: CAT out of the bag. [Book review]: Computer-aided translation: an industry survey, Martin J.Ingall,… 1987. Language Technology/Electric Word 13, May-June 1989; p.67. [PDF, 93KB]

(1989) Rita McCardell: [review of] Machine translation: linguistic characteristics of MT systems and general methodology of evaluation [by] John Lehrberger and Laurent Bourbeau (John Benjamins Publishing Co., 1988).  Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp. 194-195 [PDF, 253KB]

 (1989) Andrew Joscelyne: From the horse’s mouth: a practical guide from Japan’s machine translation guru. [Book review], Machine translation – how far can it go? By Makato Nagao… 1989. Electric Word 15, September-October 1989; pp.60-61. [PDF, 493KB]

  (1989) Andrew Joscelyne: Machine translation the latest catchbag. [Book review] Machine translation systems, ed.Jonathan Slocum…1987. . Language Technology/Electric Word 11, January-February 1989; p.43. [PDF, 207KB]

(1989) Esméralda Manandise: [review of] New directions in machine translation [ed. by] Dan Maxwell et al. (Foris Publications, 1988).  Computational Linguistics 15 (4), pp. 265-267 [PDF, 347KB]

(1989) Jonathan Slocum: [review of] Word expert semantics [ed. by] Bart C.Papegaaij et al. (Foris Publications, 1986).  Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp. 207-210 [PDF, 111KB]

(1989) John S. White: [review of] Machine translation systems [ed. by] Jonathan Slocum (Cambridge University Press, 1988).  Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp. 200-204 [PDF, 616KB]

 (1988) Claude Bédard: MT primer for everyone: [review of] Technology as translation strategy, ed.Muriel Vasconcellos.  Language Technology/Electric Word 8, July-August 1988; p.43. [PDF, 145KB]

 (1988) Claude Bédard: Teach yourself machine translation. [Book review]: Machine translation, linguistic characteristics of MT systems and general methodology, Laurent Bourbeau and John Lehrberger…1988. Language Technology/Electric Word 9, September-October 1988; p.44. [PDF, 53KB]

 (1988) Walter Goshawke: New book on computer translation [by Ian Kelly, Walter Goshawke and David Wigg] British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 17, [1988]; pp.7-10. [PDF, 107KB]

 (1988) Ian Kelly: Book review, Machine translation, past, present, future, W.J.Hutchins. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 17, [1988]; p.11. [PDF, 32KB]

 (1988) Ian Kelly: Book review: Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues, Sergei Nirenburg. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 17, [1988]; pp.11-12. [PDF, 29KB]

(1988) Richard Kittredge: [review of] Machine translation: past, present, future [by] William John Hutchins (Ellis Horwood, 1986).  Computational Linguistics 14 (3), pp. 118-120 [PDF, 307KB]

(1988) Harold Somers: [review of] Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues [ed. by] Sergei Nirenburg (Cambridge University Press, 1987).  Computational Linguistics 14 (1), pp. 56-61 [PDF, 730KB]

(1988) Tony Whitecomb: Get ‘em young: MT needs fresh hormones. [Book review]: Computer translation of natural language, W.Goshawke, I.D.K.Kelly, J.D.Wigg, 1987. Language Technology/Electric Word 10, November-December 1988; pp.45-46. [PDF, 135KB]

(1988) Using MT for Japanese information: Machine translation of on-line searches on Japanese databases, by Jon Sigurdson and Roger Greatrex (University of Lind, 1987). Language Monthly 55, April 1988; p.20. [PDF, 39KB]

 (1987) Brian Dommisse: [book review] Machine translation: past, present, future, W.J.Hutchins, 1986. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; p.35. [PDF, 513KB]

 (1987) Gray Sutherland: [review of] Multilingual aspects of information technology, by P.A.Bennett, R.Lh.Johnson, John McNaught, Jeanette Pugh, J.C.Sager and Harold L.Somers (Gower Publishing, 1986). Language Monthly 43, April 1987; pp.30-31. [PDF, 47KB]

(1987) Tony Whitecomb: [book review] Machine translation: a technology assessment…. Richard W.Balfour, 1986. Language Technology 3, September-October 1987; p.31. [PDF, 211KB]

 (1987) Tony Whitecomb: A road guide to MT research: a second opinion on Hutchins’ recent book. Language Technology 2, July-August 1987; p.31. [PDF, 876KB]

 (1986) Geoffrey Kingscott: Machine translation in perspective: John Hutchins sums up progress so far in new book. Review. Language Monthly 37, October 1986; pp.6-8. [PDF, 179KB]

 (1986) Tony Whitecomb: Eurotra goes public. Language Monthly 38, November 1986; pp.20-21. [PDF, 97KB]

 (1985) Margaret Masterman: Thoughts on information structure in language [book reviews]. Language Monthly 17, February 1985; pp.23-24. [PDF, 37KB]

 (1979) K.Bauknecht: Herbert Bruderer’s book. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 8, April 1979; pp.7-8. [PDF, 69KB]

(1976) Raymond D.Gumb: [review of] Essays on lexical semantics, vol.1 [ed.] V.Ju.Rozencvejg. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 51 (The Finite String 13 (6) September 1976); pp.68-76. [PDF, 105KB]

Collaboration

(1985) Rolling and Galinski visit Japan: European access to information via MT. Language Monthly 26, November 1985; pp.10-12. [PDF, 33KB]

Conference reports

 (1989) Peter Cholas: Ten years of Translating and the Computer. Language International 1(1), January/February 1989; pp.23, 26-28. [PDF, 207KB]

(1989) Lynette Hirshman: Overview of the DARPA Speech and Natural Language workshop.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, February 21-23, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); pp. 1-2. [PDF, 529KB]

 (1989) Monique L’Huiller: Budapest 1988: report on “New directions in MT” and “Coling-88”. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 18, October 1989; pp.9-18. [PDF, 309KB]

(1989) Stop press: Munich MT Summit. Electric Word 15, September-October 1989; p.15. [PDF, 388KB]

(1989) Biggest ever ATA conference. Language International 1(6), December 1989; pp.31-32. [PDF, 83KB]

 (1989) Japanese and European experts on MT. Language International 1(6), December 1989; pp.26-28. [PDF, 164KB]

 (1989) Machine translation: Japan. Language International 1(5), September/October 1989; p.17. [PDF, 41KB]

(1988) Ian Kelly: Book review: Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues, Sergei Nirenburg. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 17, [1988]; pp.11-12. [PDF, 29KB]

(1988) Petr Sgall: On some results of the conference. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.243-250.

 (1987) Steven Krauwer: [book review] Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues… ed.Sergei Nirenburg, 1987. Language Technology 4, November-December 1987; pp.30-31. [PDF, 399KB]

 (1987) Summit conference on machine translation: MT Summit Conference, Hakone, Japan, 17-19 September 1987.  Language Monthly 51, December 1987; pp.3-4. [PDF, 76KB]

(1987) Loll Rolling: Concluding remarks at Machine Translation Summit, September 17-19, 198; 6pp. [PDF, 204KB]

(1987) Tony Whitecomb: Special report on Japanese MT. Language Technology 4, November-December 1987; p.2. [PDF, 199KB]

 (1986) Margaret Grindrod: International MT conference at Aston. Language Monthly 32, May 1986; pp.16-19. [PDF, 182KB]

 (1986) Andrew Joscelyne: Computers in the language industry. Language Monthly 32, May 1986; p.7. [PDF, 62KB]

 (1986) Toma explains why he sold Systran rights; further report on the Luxembourg conference. Language Monthly 31, April 1986; pp.6-10. [PDF, 311KB]

 (1986) Japan now leads in new MT systems, says Rolling: conference learns of latest developments in France. Language Monthly 39, December 1986; pp.3-7. [PDF, 327KB]

 (1986) MT discussed at Basle high-tech conference: Molden describes IBM experience. Language Monthly 28, January 1986; pp.8-9. [PDF, 110KB]

 (1985) J.A.Alsop: TERMIA 84 conference – terminology and international cooperation. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 15, November 1985; 4pp.. [PDF, 63KB]

 (1985) Jean Datta: MT happening at Georgetown university. Language Monthly 25, October 1985; pp.6-7. [PDF, 104KB]

 (1985) I.D.K.Kelly: Cranfield conference after-dinner speech. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 15, November 1985; 4pp.. [PDF, 73KB]

 (1985) Japanese and Canadian speakers at Aslib/TG conference: over 300 attend Translating and the Computer 7. Language Monthly 27, December 1985; pp.10-12. [PDF, 161KB]

 (1985) A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986)

(1985) Françoise Moore: Raising the productivity of the translator. Sixth annual Translating and the Computer conference. Language Monthly 16, January 1985; pp.12-16. [PDF, 55KB]

(1984) F.E.Knowles: Soviet Union holds major MT conference. Language Monthly 6, March 1984; pp.12-13. [PDF, 24KB]

 (1984) Cranfield conference on machine translation. Language Monthly 7, April 1984; pp.14-15. [PDF, 148KB]

 (1984) Cranfield conference preview. Language Monthly 4, January 1984; p.10. [PDF, 64KB]

 (1983) Veronica Lawson:Translating and the computer 5. (Conference preview). Language Monthly 1, October 1983; p.5. [PDF, 65KB]

 (1983) Translating and the computer. Language Monthly 3, December 1983; pp.13-15. [PDF, 171KB]

(1981) Veronica Lawson: Introduction. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, v-viii. [PDF, 28KB]

 (1981) Veronica Lawson: Tigers and polar bears, or: Translating and the computer. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 11, August 1981; pp.5-17. [PDF, 400KB]

 (1979) Walter Goshawke: Research Colloquium in Information Retrieval, Aston, April 1979. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 8, April 1979; pp.3-4. [PDF, 110KB]

 (1979) Ian Kelly: BCS 79. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 8, April 1979; p.5. [PDF, 49KB]

(1978) Ian Kelly: Aslib seminar, 14th November 1978 “Translation and the Computer”. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 7, November 1978; p.7. [PDF, 56KB]

(1977) Jacques Goetschalckx: Automatic translation. Report of sessions 5 and 6 [at] Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.142-146. [PDF, 84KB]

(1977) J.C.Sager: Conclusions and recommendations [at] Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.147-159. [PDF, 131KB]

(1976) I.I.Oubine: Machine translation: Moscow international seminar. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 51 (The Finite String 13 (6) September 1976); pp.50-67. [PDF, 819KB]

(1976) S.R.Petrick: Summary of FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.72-76 [PDF, 259KB]

 (1972) André R. Gouin: Machine translation in Canada. [Report of conference, Ottawa, Canada, 27-28 April 1972]. Private publ. 18pp. [PDF, 406KB]

Copyright (see also Patents)

(1989) Jeremy Phillips: Copyright, computers, dictionaries and translations.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.59-62. [PDF, 22KB]

(1989) Rose Sneddon: Session 2: summary of the discussion. Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.63-66. [PDF, 22KB]

Economic aspects

(1989) Loll Rolling: Concluding remarks 1 [at Machine Translation Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 187-191 [PDF, 121KB]

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: Long-term data for an MT policy. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3), 1989; pp.203-213. [PDF, 1313KB]

(1988) A.T.Zirkle: The role of computer-aided translation in translation services.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.11-17. [PDF, 30KB]

(1988) WCC goes to wall: how precarious is commercial MT? Language Technology/Electric Word 10, November-December 1988; pp.9-10. [PDF, 398KB]

(1987) Loll Rolling: Concluding remarks at Machine Translation Summit, September 17-19, 198; 6pp. [PDF, 204KB]

(1987) European Parliament calls for independent report on Eurotra. Language Monthly 40, January 1987; pp.4-5. [PDF, 94KB]

 (1986) José Mendez: Machine translation in bureau service. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.48-53. [PDF, 28KB]

(1985) Jean Datta: Machine translation: the trade-offs and the pay-backs. Language Monthly 20, May 1985; pp.8-9. [PDF, 30KB]

(1984) Linn Hedwig Downs: Selecting a machine translation software vendor. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.75-84. [PDF, 44KB]

(1984) John Hutchins, Monique L’Huillier & Brian McCluskey: Summary of discussion (Parallel session III: Machine translation). Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.85-91. [PDF, 30KB]

(1984) Muriel Vasconcellos: Machine translation at the Pan American Health Organization. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 14, May 1984; 18pp.. [PDF, 235KB]

(1983) John Hayes: Doing it the other way. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.37-56 [PDF, 48KB]

(1982) Caroline de Schaetzen: Terminology to suit your pocket. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.157-161. [PDF, 18KB]

(1982) Loll Rolling: Machine translation’s big ten years, 1980 – 1990. Luxembourg: the Commission of the European Communities, May 1982; 9pp. [PDF, 43KB]

(1981) Françoise Moore: Discussion on Session 2: Aspects of editing. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 95-96. [PDF, 11KB]

(1981) Georges Van Slype: Economic aspects of machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 79-93. [PDF, 97KB]

(1977) Jacques Chaumier: Assessment of SYSTRAN. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.74-82. [PDF, 135KB]

Ergonomic aspects

 (1985) Lanna Castellano: Ergonomics and the translator. Language Monthly 24, September 1985; pp.14-16. [PDF, 149KB]

(1981) Nigel Bevan: Psychological and ergonomic factors in machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 75-78. [PDF, 53KB]

FAHQT (Fully automatic high quality translation)

(1988) Juan Sager: Ten years of machine translation design and application: from FAHQT to realism.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.3-10. [PDF, 40KB]

(1971) Winfred P.Lehmann & Rolf Stachowitz (eds.): Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; 2 vols.

Failures and limitations

(1989) Veronica Lawson: What do we expect of machine translation? IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); panel discussion, 1p.. [PDF, 13KB]

(1987) Eva Hajičova & Zdeněk Kirschner: Fail-soft (“emergency”) measures in a production-oriented MT system.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 104-108. [PDF, 308KB]

 (1988) Claude Bédard: How to demo a machine translator: you trust your mother but you cut the cards. Language Technology 7 May-June 1988; pp.26-27. [PDF, 1717KB]

(1987) Ralph M. Weischedel & Lance A. Ramshaw: Reflections on the knowledge needed to process ill-formed language.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.155-167

(1986) Martin Kay: Machine translation will not work. [Contribution to] Forum on machine translation, 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-13 June 1986, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; p.268. [PDF, 57KB]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Problems of machine translation systems: effect of cultural differences on sentence structure. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986);  pp.101-115. [PDF, 428KB]

(1986) Student surveys MT technology. Language Monthly 36, September 1986; p.8. [PDF, 30KB]

(1985) Jean Datta: Machine translation: the trade-offs and the pay-backs. Language Monthly 20, May 1985; pp.8-9. [PDF, 30KB]

(1985) Ralph M. Weischedel: Reflections on the knowledge needed to process ill-formed language.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 348-358. [PDF, 187KB]

(1984) Elliott Macklovitch: Recent Canadian experience in machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 11pp. [PDF, 37KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.59-67.]

(1984) J.Richard Ruffino: Stylistic considerations of machine-assisted and human translation. ATA Chronicle 13 (5), May-June 1984; pp.17-21. [PDF, 37KB]

(1983) Merle D.Tenney: Machine translation, machine-aided translation, and machine-impeded translation.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.105-113 [PDF, 38KB]

(1982 ) M.F.Bott: A future for machine translation. In: The Fifth Generation: dawn of the second computer age. [Proceedings of international conference, SPL International, London 1982]; 13pp. [PDF, 307KB]

(1981) Roy Green: The MT errors which cause most trouble to posteditors. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 101-104. [PDF, 15KB]

(1981) Bernard Lavorel: Experience in English-French post-editing. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 105-109. [PDF, 19KB]

(1981) Margaret Masterman: The limits of innovation in machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 163-186. [PDF, 161KB]

(1980) Martin Kay: The proper place of men and machines in language translation. Palo Alto, CA: Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, October 1980; 21pp. [Reprinted in: Machine Translation 12 (1-2), 1997, pp. 3-23; and in: Nirenburg, S. et al. (eds.) Readings in machine translation (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003), pp. 221-232.] [PDF, 332KB]

 (1979) Christopher Meakin: Translation. In: Letters, New Scientist, 12 January 1979, p.111. [PDF, 17KB]

(1977) Yorick Wilks: Time flies like an arrow. New Scientist, vol.76, 15 December 1977; pp.696-698. [PDF, 95KB]

(1974) Friedrich Krollmann: Data processing at the translator’s service. Babel 20(3), 1974; pp.121-129. [PDF, 70KB]

(1973) Martin Kay: Automatic translation of natural languages. Daedalus 102; pp.217-230. [PDF, 74KB]

(1971) Norman M.Martin: Philosophy of language and the feasibility of MT: a position paper. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.163-174. [PDF, 32KB]

Future prospects and predictions

(1989) Yukio Honda: Expectations for machine translation.  In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. ix-x. [PDF, 78KB]

(1989) Eduard H. Hovy: New possibilities in machine translation.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Cape cod, Massachusetts, USA, October 15-18, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); pp. 99-111. [PDF, 1222KB]

 (1989) Japan Electronic Industry Development Association: A Japanese view of machine translation in light of the considerations and recommendations reported by ALPAC, U.S.A. JEIDA, [1989]; 20pp., lacking appendices. [PDF, 103KB]

 (1989) Andrew Joscelyne: Don’t look now but they are about to do it again. Language Technology/Electric Word 14, July-August 1989; pp.22-25, 27-29. [PDF, 2886KB]

(1989) M. Kay: Machines and people in translation. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 26-27. [PDF, 86KB] 

(1989) M. Kay: Concluding remarks 2 [at Machine Translation Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 192-196 [PDF, 105KB]

(1989) Margaret King: New directions in MT systems: a change in paradigm.MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 78-79 [PDF, 53KB]

 (1989) Margaret King: Towards more advanced MT: position paper. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); p.22. [PDF, 16KB]

 (1989) Veronica Lawson: What do we expect of machine translation? IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); panel discussion, 1p.. [PDF, 13KB]

(1989) Winfred P. Lehmann: Machine translation: achievements, problems, promise. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.385-392. [PDF, 96KB]

 (1989) Makoto Nagao: The development and use of machine translation sysytems. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.13-15. [PDF, 21KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao: Japanese view of the future of machine translation. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.123-140. [PDF, 212KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Hozumi Tanaka, Akira Kubota, Kazuhiro Fuchi, & Akira Kikuchi: Review on Machine Translation Summit (post-Summit discussion) – May 9, 1988. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 201-209 [PDF, 127KB]

(1989) National Research Council: Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, held at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C. on December 7, 1989. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1990.) xiii, 36pp. [PDF, 239KB]

(1989) Christian Rohrer: New directions in MT systems. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 120-122 [PDF, 65KB]

(1989) Loll Rolling: Concluding remarks 1 [at Machine Translation Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 187-191 [PDF, 121KB]

 (1989) Loll Rolling: Expectations for MT. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.32-33. [PDF, 14KB]

 (1989) Hozumi Tanaka: Towards greater sophistication of the machine translation system. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.34-37. [PDF, 25KB]

 (1989) Tsutomu Tanaka: The present situation and prospects for MT-VAN service. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.38-44. [PDF, 35KB]

(1989) Henry Thompson: Speech recognition, artificial intelligence and translation: how rosy a future?  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.113-117. [PDF, 36KB]

(1989) Ming Tsui: Expectations for MT. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.45-49. [PDF, 31KB]

(1989) Jun-chi Tsujii: Man machine interactions in MT. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.50-51. [PDF, 20KB]

(1989) Yorick Wilks: More advanced machine translation?  IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); p.59. [PDF, 19KB]

(1989) Japan lays ALPAC to rest. Language Technology/Electric Word 14, July-August 1989; p.28. [PDF]

(1988) Josette Coughlin: Artificial intelligence and machine translation: present developments and future prospects.   34 (1); pp.3-9. [41KB]

 (1988) Francis E.Knowles: Machine aids for translators: what does the future betoken?  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.125-135. [PDF, 58KB]

(1988) Geoff Pogson: Maghi King on machine translation. Language Technology 5, January-February 1988; pp.11-12. [PDF, 3465KB]

(1988) Juan Sager: Ten years of machine translation design and application: from FAHQT to realism.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.3-10. [PDF, 40KB]

(1988) Tibor Vámos: Language and the computer society. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.65-74.

(1987) Ch. Boitet: Current state and future outlook of the research at GETA.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 26-35 [PDF, 173KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 54-65]

(1987) Ch. Boitet: Technical prospects for MT.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 36-37 [PDF, 86KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 32]

(1987) Kazuhiro Fuchi: The FGCS project and machine translation systems.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 40-47 [PDF, 137KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 13-18]

 (1987) Herbert R.J.Grosch: Kobayashi’s dream. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; p.5. [PDF, 399KB]

(1987) W. John Hutchins: Prospects in machine translation.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 48-52 [PDF, 88KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 7-12]

(1987) Makoto Nagao: Present and future of machine translation systems: an introduction to the MT Summit.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 84-86 [PDF, 93KB] [Revised reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 1-3]

(1987) Hirosato Nomura: Technical prospects of machine translation. Presentation at MT Summit, September 1987, not published in proceedings; 5pp. [PDF, 178KB]

(1987) Loll Rolling: Concluding remarks at Machine Translation Summit, September 17-19, 198; 6pp. [PDF, 204KB]

(1987) Peter Toma: The elimination of obstacles to machine translation’s technical prospects.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 114 [PDF, 79KB]

 (1987) Michael Zarechnak: Space age and machine translation. Language Technology 4, November-December 1987; p.6. [PDF, 335KB]

(1986) Martin Kay: Machine translation will not work. [Contribution to] Forum on machine translation, 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-13 June 1986, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; p.268. [PDF, 57KB]

 (1986) Makoto Nagao: Current status and future trends in machine translation. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986);;pp.77-82. [PDF, 213KB]

(1986) Jun-ichi Tsujii: Future directions of machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 655-668. [PDF, 1436KB]

(1986) John S. White: What should machine translation be?  [Contribution to] Forum on machine translation, 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-13 June 1986, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; p.267. [PDF, 66KB]

 (1986) Summary record of the workshop on cooperation in new developments. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.189-190. [PDF, 10KB]

 (1985) Jonathan Slocum: Machine translation. Computers and the Humanities 19 (1985); pp.109-116. [PDF, 63KB]

(1985) Jonathan Slocum: A survey of machine translation: its history, current status, and future prospects.  Computational Linguistics 11 (1), pp. 1-17 [PDF, 2069KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 1-47.]

(1984) Margaret King: When is the next ALPAC report due? Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.352-353. [PDF, 140KB]

(1984) Jonathan Slocum: Machine translation: its history, current status, and future prospects. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.546-561. [PDF, 1656KB]

(1983) Daniel Pérusse: Machine translation. ATA Chronicle 12 (8), 1983; pp.6-8. [PDF, 49KB]

(1983) P.A.Walker: A Commission of the European Communities user looks at machine translation. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.145-163 [PDF, 105KB]

 (1982 ) M.F.Bott: A future for machine translation. In: The Fifth Generation: dawn of the second computer age. [Proceedings of international conference, SPL International, London 1982]; 13pp. [PDF, 307KB]

(1982) David G.Hays: 2002: another score. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.95-96. [PDF, 182KB]

(1982) Aravind K. Joshi: Twenty years of reflections. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; p.102. [PDF, 95KB]

(1982) Martin Kay (chairman): [report of panel on] Machine translation. American Journal of Computational Linguistics 8 (2), pp. 74-78 [PDF, 501KB]

(1982) Loll Rolling: Machine translation’s big ten years, 1980 – 1990. Luxembourg: the Commission of the European Communities, May 1982; 9pp. [PDF, 43KB]

(1981) Nigel Bevan: Psychological and ergonomic factors in machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 75-78. [PDF, 53KB]

(1981)  Veronica Lawson: Machine translation and people. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 3-9. [PDF, 37KB]

(1981) Alan K.Melby: Translators and machines – can they cooperate? Meta 26 (1), 1981; pp.23-34. [note]

 (1981) Barbara Snell: Has the human translator a future?  British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 10, February 1981; pp.4-19. [PDF, 351KB]

(1981) Yorick Wilks: Concluding remarks. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 189-190. [PDF, 10KB]

(1980) Ch.Boitet, P.Chatelin, & P.Daun Fraga: Present and future paradigms in the automatized translation of natural languages. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 430-436. [PDF, 648KB]

(1980) Gary G. Hendrix: Future prospects for computational linguistics. 18th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 19-22 June 1980, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.131-135. [PDF, 453KB]

(1980) Martin Kay: The proper place of men and machines in language translation. Palo Alto, CA: Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, October 1980; 21pp. [Reprinted in: Machine Translation 12 (1-2), 1997, pp. 3-23; and in: Nirenburg, S. et al. (eds.) Readings in machine translation (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003), pp. 221-232.] [PDF, 332KB]

(1979) Rod Johnson: Contemporary perspectives in machine translation. In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 133-147. [PDF, 58KB]

(1979) John McNaught: The linguist as technologist. In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 85-97. [PDF, 38KB]

(1978) Peter J. Arthern: Machine translation and computerized terminology systems: a translator’s viewpoint. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp.77-108. [PDF, 253KB]

(1978) Juan C. Sager: Multilingual communication: chairman’s introductory review of translating and the computer. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 1-25. [PDF, 196KB]

(1977) Jacques Goetschalckx: Automatic translation. Report of sessions 5 and 6 [at] Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.142-146. [PDF, 84KB]

(1976) David G. Hays: Machine (aided) translation: generalities and guide to action. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.84-88 [PDF, 210KB]

(1976) Jim Mathias: Summary notes[for] FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.89-90. [PDF, 101KB]

(1976) Rudolph C. Troike: The future of MT. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 51 (The Finite String 13 (6) September 1976); pp.47-49. [PDF, 105KB]

(1971) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Some reflections on the present outlook for high-quality machine translation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.73-76. [PDF, 29KB]

(1971) Winfred P.Lehmann & Rolf Stachowitz: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; vol.1, pp.ii-xi, 1-72pp. [PDF, 236KB]

(1971) Rolf Stachowitz: Requirements for machine translation: problems, solutions, prospects. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.409-532. [PDF, 2020KB]

General methodology (see also Theoretical aspects)

(1989) M. Kay: Concluding remarks 2 [at Machine Translation Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 192-196 [PDF, 105KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao: Concluding remarks 3 [at Machine Translation Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 197-200 [PDF, 100KB]

(1988) Christian Boitet: Bernard Vauqois' contribution to the theory and practice of building MT systems: a historical perspective. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 18pp. (including bibliography) [PDF, 256KB]

(1988) Josette Coughlin: Artificial intelligence and machine translation: present developments and future prospects.   34 (1); pp.3-9. [41KB]

(1988) P.C.Rolf: Machine translation: the languages network (versus the intermediate language). Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.544-548. [PDF, 440KB]

(1986) Makoto Nagao: Current status and future trends in machine translation. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986);;pp.77-82. [PDF, 213KB]

(1986) R.F.Simmons: Technologies for machine translation. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986); pp. 83-94. [PDF, 532KB]

(1985) Jaime G. Carbonell & Masaru Tomita: New approaches to machine translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 59-74. [PDF, 287KB]

(1985) Jonathan Slocum: Machine translation. Computers and the Humanities 19 (1985); pp.109-116. [PDF, 63KB]

 (1984) J.Hutchins: Methods of linguistic analysis in machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 31pp. [PDF, 237KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.3-35. ]

(1984) Rod Johnson: Contemporary perspectives in machine translation. Contrastes, Hors série A4, jan.1984; pp.141-155. [PDF, 45KB]

 (1984) Veronica Lawson: A basic survey of practical machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 6pp. [PDF, 52KB]

(1984) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the U.S.S.R. Computers and the Humanities 18 (1), 39-46. [PDF, 121KB]

(1983) P.J.Whitelock & K.J.Kilby: Linguistic and computational techniques in machine translation system design. Final report with descriptions of the systems: SYSTRAN, TAUM METEO, TAUM AVIATION, GETA ARIANE-78, LRC METAL, Wilks’ PS, [and] Yale MT (to follow). Centre for Computational Linguistics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, December 1983; var. pp. [Yale MT not included]. [PDF, 5719KB]

(1982) Klaus-Jürgen Engelberg: Proposals for a hierarchy of formal translation models. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 90-94. [PDF, 161KB]

(1980) Ch.Boitet, P.Chatelin, & P.Daun Fraga: Present and future paradigms in the automatized translation of natural languages. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 430-436. [PDF, 648KB]

(1980) Martin Kay: The proper place of men and machines in language translation. Palo Alto, CA: Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, October 1980; 21pp. [Reprinted in: Machine Translation 12 (1-2), 1997, pp. 3-23; and in: Nirenburg, S. et al. (eds.) Readings in machine translation (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003), pp. 221-232.] [PDF, 332KB]

 (1980) Machine translation in the system of scientific and technical translation. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 3-5. [PDF, 33KB]

(1978) Winfred P.Lehmann: Machine translation. In: J.Belzer, A.G.Holzman, A.Kent (eds.) Encyclopedia of computer science and technology, New York: Marcel Dekker, 1978; pp.151-164. [PDF, 82KB]

(1978) Margaret Masterman: The essential skills to be acquired for machine translation. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp.159-180. [PDF, 347KB]

(1977) Bernard E. Scott: Linguistic and computational motivations for the Logos machine translation system – an overview. Mt Arlington: Logos Corporation, 1977 rev. 1998. 40pp. Repr in: IAI Working Paper no.36, 2000. [PDF, 181KB]

(1976) David G. Hays: Machine (aided) translation: generalities and guide to action. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.84-88 [PDF, 210KB]

(1976) Martin Kay: Foundations of machine translation: operations [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.10 [PDF, 39KB]

(1976) Sally Yeates Sedelow: Summary remarks for machine translation conference. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.77-81 [PDF, 195KB]

(1976) B.Vauquois: Automatic translation – a survey of different approaches. [Presented at Coling 1976, Ottawa, Canada.]  Statistical Methods in Linguistics 1976, pp.127-135. [PDF, 103KB]

(1975) Svatava Machová: Optimal linking of independent analysis and synthesis. In: Summaries of contributions [to] First National Conference on the Application of Mathematical Models and Computers in Linguistics, 3-9 May 1975, Bulgaria. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 20; p.72. [PDF, 42KB]

(1971) Paul L.Garvin: Operational problems of machine translation: a position paper. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.95-118. [PDF, 116KB]

(1971) Zbigniew Pankowicz: Technical evaluation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.iv-ix. [PDF, 21KB]

Government policy and MT (see also Research policy and surveys)

(1989) Hans Billing: Promotion of MT in the public domain by the Federal Republic of Germany.  MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.50-52. [PDF, 60KB]

(1989) Giovanni Coray: Needs, research and perspectives in Switzerland [Contribution to panel]. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 55-57 [PDF, 62KB]

(1989) J.M.Czermak: Address of welcome. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.61-63. [PDF, 64KB]

(1989) Haji Khalid M. Hussain: Governmental views of MT [Contribution to panel]. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 66 [PDF, 59KB]

(1989) C.N.Jansen van Rosendaal: Statements [on situation in European Commission, contribution to panel]. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 69-71 [PDF, 53KB]

(1989) Andrew Joscelyne: The JALPAC kiss of life. Electric Word 16, November-December 1989; pp.61-62. [PDF, 249KB]

(1989) Andrew Joscelyne: Don’t look now but they are about to do it again. Language Technology/Electric Word 14, July-August 1989; pp.22-25, 27-29. [PDF, 2886KB]

(1989) Akira Kubota: Japan. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 170-171 [PDF, 87KB]

(1989) Tamami Kusuda: United States of America. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 177 [PDF, 83KB]

(1989) Lee Kisik & Park Changho: Korea. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 172-174 [PDF, 104KB]

(1989) Loll Rolling: Concluding remarks 1 [at Machine Translation Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 187-191 [PDF, 121KB]

(1989) Mahmoud Esma'il Sieny: Machine translation in Saudi Arabia. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 143-145 [PDF, 59KB]

(1989) Bernard E.Scott, Muriel Vasconcellos, Richard Samuels, Ralph Quinn, & James Unger: [Contributions to Panel on R&D policy. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1989) Antonio Zampolli: Italy. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 169 [PDF, 81KB]

(1989) Japan lays ALPAC to rest. Language Technology/Electric Word 14, July-August 1989; p.28. [PDF]

(1989) MITI’s fifth generation language technology projects. Language Technology/Electric Word 14, July-August 1989; p.25. [PDF]

(1988) Francis E.Knowles: Machine aids for translators: what does the future betoken?  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.125-135. [PDF, 58KB]

(1987) Park Changho & Lee Kisik: The machine translation researches and governmental view in Korea.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 66-72 [PDF, 118KB] [Revised reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 172-174]

(1987) Jan Michael Czermak: Governmental views of MT.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 38-39 [PDF, 73KB] [Reprint as ‘Federal Republic of Germany’ in section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 166-167]

(1987) Akira Kubota: The current status and future of machine translation research in Japan. [Presentation at MT Summit conference, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]; 8pp. [PDF, 121KB]

(1987) Tamami Kusuda: Japanese Technical Literature Act and machine translation. Washington, D..C.: US Department of Commerce, [1987]; 7pp. [PDF]

(1987) John McNaught: A survey of termbanks worldwide. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.112-129. [PDF, 79KB]

(1987) Ainon Muhammad: Malaysian governmental view of machine translation.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 80 [PDF, 75KB]

(1987) Loll Rolling: European Community policy on M.T.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 97-98 [PDF, 70KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 164-165]

(1987) Iman Sudarwo: The need of MT for Indonesia.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 113 [PDF, 66KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 168]

(1987) Jean-Marie Timmermans: The Conference of Translation Services of West European States. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.180-185. [PDF, 28KB]

(1987) Ming Tsui: MT: application in Canada?.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 115 [PDF, 69KB] [Reprint as ‘Canada’ in section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 163]

(1985) Government funding for machine translation system: grant for UMIST Japanese work. Language Monthly 20, May 1985; p.10. [PDF, 37KB]

 (1984) Elliott Macklovitch: Recent Canadian experience in machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 11pp. [PDF, 37KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.59-67.]

(1978) Juan C. Sager: Multilingual communication: chairman’s introductory review of translating and the computer. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 1-25. [PDF, 196KB]

Historical aspects

(1989) Veronica Lawson: Practice makes less imperfect: users’ needs and their influence on machine translation development. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.51-58. [PDF, 54KB]

(1989) Winfred P. Lehmann: Machine translation: achievements, problems, promise. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.385-392. [PDF, 96KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao: Report on Machine Translation Summit. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 181-186 [PDF, 130KB]

(1989) G. Richard Tucker & Michael Zarechnak: Three historical notes. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.385-392. [PDF, 28KB]

(1989) Andrew Joscelyne: Muriel Vasconcellos: MT’s great survivor. Electric Word 16, November-December 1989; pp.17-18. [PDF, 598KB]

(1988) W.John Hutchins: Recent developments in machine translation. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.7-63. [note]

(1988) Juan Sager: Ten years of machine translation design and application: from FAHQT to realism.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.3-10. [PDF, 40KB]

(1988) Yorick Wilks: Themes in the work of Margaret Masterman.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.148-160. [PDF, 64KB]

 (1987) Brian Dommisse: [book review] Machine translation: past, present, future, W.J.Hutchins, 1986. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; p.35. [PDF, 513KB]

 (1987) Sergei Perschke: From sputnik to Eurotra: a short history of MT according to Sergei Perschke. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; p.25. [PDF, 731KB]

(1986) W.J.Hutchins: Machine translation: past, present, future. Chichester: Ellis Horwood; New York: Halsted Press. 382pp. [PDF files]

(1986) Lieven Jaspaert: Linguistic developments in Eurotra since 1983. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 294-296. [PDF, 282KB]

 (1986) Geoffrey Kingscott: Machine translation in perspective: John Hutchins sums up progress so far in new book. Review. Language Monthly 37, October 1986; pp.6-8. [PDF, 179KB]

(1985) Jonathan Slocum: A survey of machine translation: its history, current status, and future prospects.  Computational Linguistics 11 (1), pp. 1-17 [PDF, 2069KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 1-47.]

(1984) B.Buchmann: Early history of machine translation. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 3-21.

(1984) Rod Johnson: Contemporary perspectives in machine translation. Contrastes, Hors série A4, jan.1984; pp.141-155. [PDF, 45KB]

(1984) Margaret King: When is the next ALPAC report due? Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.352-353. [PDF, 140KB]

 (1984) Anne de Roeck: Linguistic theory and early machine translation. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 38-57.

 (1984) Elliott Macklovitch: Recent Canadian experience in machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 11pp. [PDF, 37KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.59-67.]

(1984) Jonathan Slocum: Machine translation: its history, current status, and future prospects. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.546-561. [PDF, 1656KB]

 (1984) S.Warwick: An overview of post-ALPAC developments. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 22-37.

(1983) Wyn L. Price: Development of computers and communications: the role of the National Physical Laboratory. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.21-30 [PDF, 69KB]

(1982) Jonathan Allen: Reflections on twenty years of the ACL. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.104-106. [PDF, 297KB]

(1982) Paul G. Chapin: ACL in 1977. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; p.103. [PDF, 63KB]

(1982) Winfred P. Lehmann: My term. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; p.97. [PDF, 49KB]

(1982) Robert F. Simmons: Themes from 1972.  20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.100-101. [PDF, 176KB]

(1982) Donald E. Walker: Reflections on 20 years of the ACL, an introduction.  20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.89-91. [PDF, 253KB]

(1982) Donald E. Walker: A society in transition. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.98-99. [PDF, 151KB]

(1982) Victor H. Yngve: Our double anniversary. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.92-94. [PDF, 311KB]

(1981) W. John Hutchins: The evolution of machine translation systems. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 21-37. [PDF, 107KB]

(1981) Alan K.Melby: Translators and machines – can they cooperate? Meta 26 (1), 1981; pp.23-34. [note]

(1980) Jonathan Slocum: An experiment in machine translation. 18th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 19-22 June 1980, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.163-164. [PDF, 191KB]

(1979) Rod Johnson: Contemporary perspectives in machine translation. In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 133-147. [PDF, 58KB]

(1978) W.J.Hutchins: Machine translation and machine-aided translation. Journal of Documentation 34 (2), pp. 119-159. [PDF, 378KB]

(1976) O.S.Kulagina: History and present state of machine translation. Cybernetics, Nov-Dec 1976, pp.937-944. [Translated from Kibernetika, Nov-Dec 1976, 124-131.] [PDF, 68КB]

(1976) B.Vauquois: Automatic translation – a survey of different approaches. [Presented at Coling 1976, Ottawa, Canada.]  Statistical Methods in Linguistics 1976, pp.127-135. [PDF, 103KB]

(1975) William N.Locke: Machine translation. In: Allen Kent, Harold Lancour, Jay E.Daisy (eds) Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, vol.16. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1975; pp.414-444. [PDF, 273KB]

(1971) Harry H.Josselson: Automatic translation of languages since 1960: a linguist’s view. Advances in Computers 11, pp.1-58. [PDF, 400KB]

Introductions to MT

(1988) Walter Goshawke: New book on computer translation [by Ian Kelly, Walter Goshawke and David Wigg] British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 17, [1988]; pp.7-10. [PDF, 107KB]

(1984) Veronica Lawson: A basic survey of practical machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 6pp. [PDF, 52KB]

Journals on MT

(1970) Warren J.Plath: Open letter from the President [of the Association for Computational Linguistics] The Finite String 7 (8), June 1970; pp.1-4. [PDF,  33KB]

(1970) Victor H.Yngve: Final report on the journal MT [submitted to the Association for Computational Linguistics]. Typescript, July 1970.; 23pp. [PDF, 105KB]

Language technology

(1989) Andrew Joscelyne: Don’t look now but they are about to do it again. Language Technology/Electric Word 14, July-August 1989; pp.22-25, 27-29. [PDF, 2886KB]

(1989) Antonio Zampolli: Introduction to the Special section on machine translation. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3), pp.182-183. [PDF, 123KB]

(1989) MITI’s fifth generation language technology projects. Language Technology/Electric Word 14, July-August 1989; p.25. [PDF]

(1986) Andrew Joscelyne: Computers in the language industry. Language Monthly 32, May 1986; p.7. [PDF, 62KB]

(1985) Loll Rolling, Europe’s information transfer specialist. Language Monthly 24, September 1985; pp.12-13. [PDF, 106KB]

(1985) The Ovum report: major survey – computer processing of language. Language Monthly 26, November 1985; pp.6-7. [PDF, 106KB]

(1984) Patrick Shann: Machine translation: a problem of linguistic engineering or of cognitive modelling?  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 71-90.

(1980) David G.Hays: Communication and control in man and machine. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 6-8. [PDF, 48KB]

Legal aspects

(1989) Jeremy Phillips: Copyright, computers, dictionaries and translations.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.59-62. [PDF, 22KB]

Market surveys

(1989) Geoffrey Kingscott: Applications of machine translation: study for the Commission of the European Communities. Nottingham; Praetorius Ltd., September 1989; 81pp. [PDF, 282KB]

(1987) Tony Whitecomb: [book review] Machine translation: a technology assessment…. Richard W.Balfour, 1986. Language Technology 3, September-October 1987; p.31. [PDF, 211KB]

Obituaries

(1987) Martin Kay, Roger Needham, Karen Sparck Jones, & Yorick Wilks: Margaret Masterman (1910-1986). Computational Linguistics 13 (1-2), 1987; pp.79-80. [PDF, 239KB]

(1987) Frank Knowles: Margaret Masterman: her life and work: an appreciation by an erstwhile colleague. In: Meaning: the frontier of informatics (Informatics 9). Proceedings of a conference jointly sponsored by Aslib, the Aslib Informatics Group, and the Information Retrieval Specialist Group of the British Computer Society, King’s College, Cambridge, 26-27 March 1987, ed.Kevin P.Jones; pp.3-8. [PDF, 66KB]

(1987) Bill Williams: Margaret Masterman: innovator. In: Meaning: the frontier of informatics (Informatics 9). Proceedings of a conference jointly sponsored by Aslib, the Aslib Informatics Group, and the Information Retrieval Specialist Group of the British Computer Society, King’s College, Cambridge, 26-27 March 1987, ed.Kevin P.Jones; pp.1-2. [PDF, 45KB]

 (1986) Obituary: Margaret Masterman. Language Monthly 32, May 1986; p.5. [PDF, 45KB]

 (1986) Richard Ruffino dies. Language Monthly 33, June 1986; p.7. [PDF, 38KB]

(1986) Bernard Vauquois, pioneer of machine translation … [obituaries and reminiscences]. The Finite String Newsletter, Computational Linguistics, vol.12, no.1, January-March 1986; pp.43-47. [PDF, 554KB]

Research policy and surveys

(1989) T.Walker: Alvey and machine translation. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 18, October 1989; pp.1-4. [PDF, 89KB]

(1988) B.W.Oakley: Alvey and machine translation: progress report. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 17, [1988]; pp.1-3. [PDF, 78KB]

Social and cultural aspects

(1988) Tibor Vámos: Language and the computer society. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.65-74. [note]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Problems of machine translation systems: effect of cultural differences on sentence structure. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986);  pp.101-115. [PDF, 428KB]

Surveys and reviews: general

(1989) Eduard H. Hovy: New possibilities in machine translation.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Cape cod, Massachusetts, USA, October 15-18, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); pp. 99-111. [PDF, 1222KB]

(1989) John Hutchins: Why take the machine’s word for it? Computer Weekly, October 19, 1989; pp.30-31. [PDF, 63KB]

(1989) Shun Ishizaki: Machine translation projects. [Introduction to session at MT Summit, 1987] In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 35-36. [PDF, 91KB]

(1989) Margaret King: New directions in MT systems: a change in paradigm.MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 78-79 [PDF, 53KB]

 (1989) Geoffrey Kingscott: Applications of machine translation: study for the Commission of the European Communities. Nottingham; Praetorius Ltd., September 1989; 81pp. [PDF, 282KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao: New directions of machine translation. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.378-384. [PDF, 74KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao: Report on Machine Translation Summit. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 181-186 [PDF, 130KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao: Two years after the MT Summit. Keynote speech at: MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 100-105 [PDF, 118KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Jaime Carbonell, David Johnson, & Alvin Despain: [Contributions to Panel on the state of the art. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1989) Christian Rohrer: New directions in MT systems. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 120-122 [PDF, 65KB]

(1989) J.Slocum: Machine translation: practical issues. In: J.A.Campbell and J.Cuena (eds.) Perspectives in artificial intelligence, vol.II: machine translation, NLP, databases and computer-aided instruction (Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1989); pp.13-38. [PDF, 204KB]

 (1989) Hozumi Tanaka: Towards greater sophistication of the machine translation system. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.34-37. [PDF, 25KB]

(1989) Tony Whitecomb: CAT out of the bag. [Book review]: Computer-aided translation: an industry survey, Martin J.Ingall,… 1987. Language Technology/Electric Word 13, May-June 1989; p.67. [PDF, 93KB]

 (1989) Antonio Zampolli: Introduction to the Special section on machine translation. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3), pp.182-183. [PDF, 123KB]

(1988) W.John Hutchins: Recent developments in machine translation. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.7-63. [note]

(1988) Pamela Mayorcas: Introduction. Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.vii-xv. [PDF, 49KB]

(1988) Juan Sager: Ten years of machine translation design and application: from FAHQT to realism.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.3-10. [PDF, 40KB]

(1987) W. John Hutchins: Prospects in machine translation.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 48-52 [PDF, 88KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 7-12]

(1987) Makoto Nagao: Present and future of machine translation systems: an introduction to the MT Summit.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 84-86 [PDF, 93KB] [Revised reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 1-3]

(1987) Loll Rolling: Machine translation developments in 1986. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1987; pp.1-4. [PDF, 21KB]

(1987) J.C.Sager: Automation in translation. Modern Languages 68 (2), June 1987; pp.128-133. [PDF, 205KB]

(1987) David Smith: A profile of current translation practices. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; p.4. [PDF, 355KB]

(1987) Allen B. Tucker: Current strategies in machine translation research and development.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.22-41.

(1986) Margaret King: Machine translation already does work. [Contribution to] Forum on machine translation, 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-13 June 1986, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; pp.269-270. [PDF, 135KB]

 (1986) Geoffrey Kingscott: Machine translation in perspective: John Hutchins sums up progress so far in new book. Review. Language Monthly 37, October 1986; pp.6-8. [PDF, 179KB]

 (1986) Veronica Lawson: Changing attitudes in the translation market. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.65-67. [PDF, 13KB]

(1986) Makoto Nagao: Current status and future trends in machine translation. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986);;pp.77-82. [PDF, 213KB]

(1986) Loll Rolling: MT: recent developments. Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.109-113. [PDF, 24KB]

(1986) Jun-ichi Tsujii: Future directions of machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 655-668. [PDF, 1436KB]

(1985) Joyce Heard & Leslie Helm: Machines are mastering the language of multinational business. Business Week, September 16, 1985. [PDF,35KB]

(1985) Derek Lewis: The development and progress of machine translation systems. ALLC Journal vol.5 (1985); pp.40-52. [PDF, 753KB]

 (1985) Ian Pigott: Machine translation as an integral part of the electronic office environment. Terminologie et Traduction, 3, 1985; pp.9-15. [PDF, 31KB]

 (1985) Jonathan Slocum: Machine translation. Computers and the Humanities 19 (1985); pp.109-116. [PDF, 63KB]

(1985) Jonathan Slocum: A survey of machine translation: its history, current status, and future prospects.  Computational Linguistics 11 (1), pp. 1-17 [PDF, 2069KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 1-47.]

 (1984) Sophie Ananiadou: A brief survey of some current operational systems. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 171-191.

 (1984) J.Hutchins: Methods of linguistic analysis in machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 31pp. [PDF, 237KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.3-35. ]

(1984) Jonathan Slocum: Machine translation: its history, current status, and future prospects. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.546-561. [PDF, 1656KB]

(1984) Allen B.Tucker Jr. & Sergei Nirenburg: Machine translation: a contemporary view. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, vol.19; pp.129-160. [PDF, 167KB]

(1984) Allen B.Tucker: A perspective on machine translation: theory and practice. Communications of the ACM 27(4); 322-329. [note]

 (1984) E.Wehrli: Recent developments in theoretical linguistics and implications for machine translation. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 58-70.

(1984) Peter Wheeler: Update on machine translation. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.39-51. [PDF, 55KB]

(1984) Pamela Mayorcas-Cohen: Summary of discussion (session 2). Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.53-55. [PDF, 15KB]

(1983) Gary R.Martins: Machine translation: session introduction [at] First conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California, USA; p. 148 [PDF, 57KB]

(1983) Daniel Pérusse: Machine translation. ATA Chronicle 12 (8), 1983; pp.6-8. [PDF, 49KB]

 (1983) Ian M. Pigott: Recent developments in practical machine translation. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.97-103 [PDF, 32KB]

 (1983) P.J.Whitelock & K.J.Kilby: Linguistic and computational techniques in machine translation system design. Final report with descriptions of the systems: SYSTRAN, TAUM METEO, TAUM AVIATION, GETA ARIANE-78, LRC METAL, Wilks’ PS, [and] Yale MT (to follow). Centre for Computational Linguistics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, December 1983; var. pp. [Yale MT not included]. [PDF, 5719KB]

(1982 ) M.F.Bott: A future for machine translation. In: The Fifth Generation: dawn of the second computer age. [Proceedings of international conference, SPL International, London 1982]; 13pp. [PDF, 307KB]

(1982) Martin Kay (chairman): [report of panel on] Machine translation. American Journal of Computational Linguistics 8 (2), pp. 74-78 [PDF, 501KB]

(1982) Makoto Nagao: A survey of natural language processing and machine translation in Japan. Japan Annual Reviews in Electronics, Computers & Telecommunications: Computer Science & Technologies 1982; 2.1, pp.64-70. [PDF, 54KB]

(1981) W. John Hutchins: The evolution of machine translation systems. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 21-37. [PDF, 107KB]

(1981) Veronica Lawson: Introduction. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, v-viii. [PDF, 28KB]

 (1981) Veronica Lawson: Tigers and polar bears, or: Translating and the computer. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 11, August 1981; pp.5-17. [PDF, 400KB]

(1980) Ch.Boitet, P.Chatelin, & P.Daun Fraga: Present and future paradigms in the automatized translation of natural languages. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 430-436. [PDF, 648KB]

(1979) John Hutchins: Linguistic models in machine translation. UEA Papers in Linguistics 9, January 1979; pp.29-52. [PDF, 160KB]

(1979) Veronica Lawson: Tigers and polar bears: on translating and the computer.  The Incorporated Linguist 18 (3), Summer 1979, pp.81-85. [PDF, 87KB]

(1979) Wayne W.Zachary: A survey of approaches and issues in machine-aided translation systems. Computers and the Humanities 13 (1979); pp.17-28. [PDF, 118KB]

(1978) W.J.Hutchins: Machine translation and machine-aided translation. Journal of Documentation 34 (2), pp. 119-159. [PDF, 378KB]

(1978) Winfred P.Lehmann: Machine translation. In: J.Belzer, A.G.Holzman, A.Kent (eds.) Encyclopedia of computer science and technology, New York: Marcel Dekker, 1978; pp.151-164. [PDF, 82KB]

(1978) Juan C. Sager: Multilingual communication: chairman’s introductory review of translating and the computer. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 1-25. [PDF, 196KB]

(1978) Barbara M.Snell: Introduction. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. v-vii. [PDF, 59KB]

(1977) H.E. Bruderer: The present state of machine and machine-assisted translation. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.529-556. [PDF, 326KB]

(1977) Jacques Goetschalckx: Automatic translation. Report of sessions 5 and 6 [at] Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.142-146. [PDF, 84KB]

(1976) Bengt Sigurd:: Machine translation - state of the art. In: Lillebill Grähs, Gustav Korlén, Bertil Malmberg (eds.) Theory and practice of translation; Nobel Symposium 39, September 6-10, 1976, Stockholm (Bern: Lang, 1978); pp.33-47. [PDF, 88KB]

(1975) Herbert Bruderer: Machine (aided) translation [list of project locations]. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 17; pp. 16-18. [PDF, 73KB]

(1975) William N.Locke: Machine translation. In: Allen Kent, Harold Lancour, Jay E.Daisy (eds) Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, vol.16. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1975; pp.414-444. [PDF, 273KB]

(1974) Friedrich Krollmann: Data processing at the translator’s service. Babel 20(3), 1974; pp.121-129. [PDF, 70KB]

(1974) A. Hood Roberts & Michael Zarechnak: Mechanical translation. Current Trends in Linguistics, vol.12 (The Hague: Mouton); pp. 2825-2870. [PDF, 637KB]

(1973) Martin Kay: Automatic translation of natural languages. Daedalus 102; pp.217-230. [PDF, 74KB]

(1971) Harry H.Josselson: Automatic translation of languages since 1960: a linguist’s view. Advances in Computers 11, pp.1-58. [PDF, 400KB]

Surveys and reviews: specific areas and countries

(1989) Ch.Boitet: Current projects at GETA on or about machine translation. In: J.A.Campbell and J.Cuena (eds.) Perspectives in artificial intelligence, vol.II: machine translation, NLP, databases and computer-aided instruction (Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1989); pp.48-73. [PDF, 198KB]

 (1989) Andrew Joscelyne: Don’t look now but they are about to do it again. Language Technology/Electric Word 14, July-August 1989; pp.22-25, 27-29. [PDF, 2886KB]

(1989) Akira Kubota: Japan. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 170-171 [PDF, 87KB]

(1989) Lee Kisik & Park Changho: Korea. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 172-174 [PDF, 104KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao: Japanese view of the future of machine translation. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.123-140. [PDF, 212KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Hozumi Tanaka, Akira Kubota, Kazuhiro Fuchi, & Akira Kikuchi: Review on Machine Translation Summit (post-Summit discussion) – May 9, 1988. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 201-209 [PDF, 127KB]

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: M(A)T in the USA. Regional Center for North America of FIT: Proceedings of the Second North American Translators Congress, Washington, D.C., 1989, ed. Jean-François Joly; pp.159-167. [PDF, 4713KB]

(1989) K. Sophonpanich & P. Thajchayapong: Thailand. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 175-176 [PDF, 85KB]

(1989) A. Zampolli: Computational linguistics and MT in Italy.  MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.197-199.[PDF, 103KB]

(1988) Dong Zhen Dong: MT research in China. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.85-92. [note]

(1988) Ivan I.Oubine & Boris D.Tikhomirov: The state of the art in machine translation in the U.S.S.R. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.75-84. [note]

 (1987) Veronica Lawson: MT UK: Britain and machine translation. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 15 [i.e. 16, 1987]; pp.5-8. [PDF, 121KB]

(1987) Ainon Muhammad: Malaysian governmental view of machine translation.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 80 [PDF, 75KB]

(1987) Park Changho & Lee Kisik: The machine translation researches and governmental view in Korea.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 66-72 [PDF, 118KB] [Revised reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 172-174]

(1987) Iman Sudarwo: The need of MT for Indonesia.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 113 [PDF, 66KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 168]

 (1987) Tony Whitecomb: Special report on Japanese MT. Language Technology 4, November-December 1987; p.2. [PDF, 199KB]

 (1986) Jonathan Slocum: Machine translation: an American perspective. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.74, no.7 (July 1986); pp.969-1012. [note]

 (1986) Peter J.Whitelock: Japanese machine translation in Japan and the rest of the world.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.147-159. [PDF, 72KB]

 (1986) Japan now leads in new MT systems, says Rolling: conference learns of latest developments in France. Language Monthly 39, December 1986; pp.3-7. [PDF, 327KB]

 (1985) Winfred P.Lehmann: Computer aided translation: state of the art in the USA and Canada. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.13-26. [PDF, 65KB]

(1985) Toyoaki Nishida & Shuji Doshita: Machine translation: Japanese perspectives. Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.152-174. [PDF, 98KB]

(1984) F.E.Knowles: Soviet Union holds major MT conference. Language Monthly 6, March 1984; pp.12-13. [PDF, 24KB]

(1984) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the U.S.S.R. Computers and the Humanities 18 (1), 39-46. [PDF, 121KB]

(1984) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the USSR. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 3-8. [PDF, 122KB]

 (1984) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the USSR. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 15pp. [PDF, 49KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.37-49.]

(1984) Yuri Nikolaevich Marchuk: Scientific and technical translation and the All-Union Translation Centre. Babel 30 (2), 1984; pp.93-98. [PDF, 197KB]

(1980) Machine translation in the system of scientific and technical translation. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 3-5. [PDF, 33KB]

(1977) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the All-Union Translation Centre. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.623-624 . [PDF, 105KB]

(1976) O.S.Kulagina: History and present state of machine translation. Cybernetics, Nov-Dec 1976, pp.937-944. [Translated from Kibernetika, Nov-Dec 1976, 124-131.] [PDF, 68КB]

(1972) André R. Gouin: Machine translation in Canada. [Report of conference, Ottawa, Canada, 27-28 April 1972]. Private publ. 18pp. [PDF, 406KB]

(1972) W.P.Lehmann & Rolf A.Stachowitz: Machine translation in Western Europe: a survey. Current Trends in Linguistics, vol.9: Linguistics in Western Europe. (The Hague: Mouton, 1972); pp.688-701. [PDF, 132KB]

 (1970) Margaret Masterman: Cambridge Language Research Unit (CLRU) [with bibliography]. In: Allen Kent and Harold Lancour (eds.) Encyclopedia of library and information science, vol.4 (New York: Dekker, 1970); pp.33-50. [PDF, 90KB]

Terminology of MT

(1983) J.C.Sager: Chairman’s introduction: naming machine translation. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.93-95 [PDF, 19KB]

Theoretical aspects (see also General methodology)

(1989) John A.Bateman, Robert T.Kasper, Jörg F.L.Schütz, & Eric H.Steiner: A new view on the process of translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 282-290. [PDF, 667KB]

(1989) C.J.Rupp: Situation semantics and machine translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 308-318. [PDF, 896KB]

(1988) Christian Boitet: Pros and cons of the pivot and transfer approaches in multilingual machine translation. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.93-107.

(1988) Christa Hauenschild: Discourse structure - some implications for machine translation. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.145-156.

(1988) Klaus Schubert: The architecture of DLT - interlingual or double direct?  In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.131-144.

(1988) Tibor Vámos: Language and the computer society. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.65-74.

(1988) Yorick Wilks: Themes in the work of Margaret Masterman.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.148-160. [PDF, 64KB]

(1987) Petr Sgall & Jarmila Panevová: Machine translation, linguistics, and interlingua.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 99-103. [PDF, 344KB]

 (1985) Rod Johnson: Translation [with discussion]. In: Linguistic theory and computer applications, eds. P.Whitelock, M.M.Wood, H.L.Somers, R.Johnson and P.Bennett [proceedings of Workshop 4-6 September 1985, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology] (London: Academic Press, 1987); pp.257-285. [PDF, 111KB]

(1984) R.L.Johnson, S.Krauwer, M.A.Rosner, & G.B.Varile: The design of the kernel architecture for the Eurotra software. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.226-235. [PDF, 726KB]

(1984) R.G.Piotrovsky: The semiotical interpretation of machine translation. International Forum on Information and Documentation 9 (4), October 1984; pp.22-26. [PDF, 161KB]

(1984) Geoffrey Sampson: MT: a nonconformist’s view of the state of the art. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 91-108.

(1983) Geoffrey Sampson: Fallible rationalism and machine translation.  First conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-2 September 1983, Pisa, Italy; pp. 86-89. [PDF, 400KB]

(1981) Margaret Masterman: The limits of innovation in machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 163-186. [PDF, 161KB]

 (1980) David G.Hays: Communication and control in man and machine. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 6-8. [PDF, 48KB]

 (1980) Raimond G.Piotrovsky: Machine translation in the research group on Speech Statistics: theory, results and outlook. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 9-11. [PDF, 43KB]

(1979) Veronica Lawson: Tigers and polar bears: on translating and the computer.  The Incorporated Linguist 18 (3), Summer 1979, pp.81-85. [PDF, 87KB]

(1977) Yorick Wilks: Time flies like an arrow. New Scientist, vol.76, 15 December 1977; pp.696-698. [PDF, 95KB]

(1971) Winfred P.Lehmann & Rolf Stachowitz: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; vol.1, pp.ii-xi, 1-72pp. [PDF, 236KB]

(1971) Jacob Mey: Toward a theory of computational linguistics. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.175-187. [PDF, 46KB]

(1971) Zbigniew Pankowicz: Technical evaluation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.iv-ix. [PDF, 21KB]

(1971) Eugene D.Pendergraft: Meaning revisited. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.188-323. [PDF, 338KB]

(1971) Rolf Stachowitz: Requirements for machine translation: problems, solutions, prospects. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.409-532. [PDF, 2020KB]

Theses and dissertations

(1970) André R. Gouin: French to English machine translation system based upon digital computer software programs (Systran). MSc thesis, School of Engineering, Air Force Institute of technology, Air University (Wright-patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, [USA]), March 1970. xii, 41pp. (appendices omitted) [PDF, 4077KB]

Translation theory

(1988) Christa Hauenschild: Discourse structure – some implications for machine translation. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordecht: Foris, 1988); pp.145-156. [note]

(1980) Zoya M.Shalyapina: Automatic translation as a model of the human translation activity. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1980, vol. 5 (2); 18-23. [PDF, 111KB]