Machine Translation Archive

Index to linguistic categories, features, grammars and processes

Publications 1970-1989

For other periods go to: Publications since 2010; publications 2005-2009; publications 2000-2004; publications 1990-1999; publications before 1970

 

Adverbs

(1988) Ian Crookston: Linguistic unmotivation in Eurotra. (Eurotra-Essex Internal Memoranda 11) Colchester: University of Essex, November 1988; i, 9pp. [PDF]

(1986) Károly Fábricz: Particle homonymy and machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 59-61. [PDF, 213KB]

(1982) Lieven Jaspaert: Deep cases for adverbial and prepositional phrases. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 137-138. [PDF, 77KB]

Agglutinative languages

(1986) Tae Wan Kim, Jin Tae Lee, Chang Ho Park, & Ki Sik Lee: Machine translation of the Ural-Altaic as an agglutinative language - on the Korean to Japanese translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.148-157. [PDF, 154KB]

Ambiguity preservation (see also Disambiguation)

(1984) Vladimir Pericliev: Handling syntactical ambiguity in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.521-524. [PDF, 309KB]

Anaphora resolution (see also Reference)

(1989) Gertjan van Noord, Joke Dorrepaal, Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louisa Sadler, & Louis des Tombe: An approach to sentence-level anaphora in machine translation.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 780KB]

Aspect

(1988) M.Meya & J.Vidal: An integrated model for the treatment of time in MT-systems. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.437-441. [PDF, 327KB]

(1988) Frank van Eynde: The analysis of tense and aspect in Eurotra. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.699-704. [PDF, 517KB]

Braille

(1973) Wolfgang A. Slaby: A universal Braille translator. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, xN.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.825-835. [PDF, 246KB]

Case grammar

(1988) Chen Zhaoxiang & Gao Qingshi: English-Chinese machine translation system IMT/EC. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.117-122. [PDF, 573KB]

(1988) Rudi Gebruers: Valency and MT: recent developments in the METAL system. Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 168-175. [PDF, 656KB]

 (1987) Masashi Sakamoto & Tsutomu Shiino: Japanese-English machine translation system “PENSEE”. Oki Technical Review 125 vol.53, April 1987; pp.9-15. [PDF,  228KB]

(1986) Masahiro Abe, Yoshimitsu Ooshima, Katsuhiko Yuura, & Nobuyuki Takeichi: A kana-kanji translation system for non-segmented input sentences based on syntactic and semantic analysis. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 280-285. [PDF, 556KB]

(1986) Tae Wan Kim, Jin Tae Lee, Chang Ho Park, & Ki Sik Lee: Machine translation of the Ural-Altaic as an agglutinative language - on the Korean to Japanese translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.148-157. [PDF, 154KB]

(1986) Makoto Nagao, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Jun-ichi Nakamura: Machine translation from Japanese into English. Proceedings of the IEEE 74 (7), July 1986; pp.993-1012. [PDF, 669KB]

(1986) Makoto Nagao, Jun’ichi Tsujii & Jun’ichi Nakamura: Science and Technology Agency’s Mu machine translation project. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986); pp.125-139. [PDF, 494KB]

(1986) Hirosato Nomura, Shozo Naito, Yasuhiro Katagiri, & Akira Shimazu: Translation by understanding: a machine translation system LUTE. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 621-626. [PDF, 711KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Unified operation control system for Mu machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.114-128. [PDF, 172KB]

(1986) Paul Schmidt: Valency theory in a stratificational MT-system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 307-312. [PDF, 618KB]

(1986) Harald L.Somers: The need for MT-oriented versions of case and valency in MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 118-123. [PDF, 611KB]

(1985) Xiuming Huang: Machine translation in the SDCG formalism.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 135-144. [PDF, 336KB]

(1985) Kazunori Muraki, Shunji Ichiyama, & Yasutomo Fukumochi: Augmented dependency grammar: a simple interface between the grammar rule and the knowledge.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 198-204. [PDF, 450KB]

(1984) Hitoshi Iida, Kentaro Ogura, & Hirosato Nomura: A case analysis method cooperating with ATNG and its application to machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.154-158. [PDF, 433KB]

(1984) Makoto Nagao: Outline of the machine translation projects of the Japanese government. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 12-17. [PDF, 61KB]

(1984) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Masayuki Satoh, & Tetsuya Ishikawa: Lexicon features for Japanese syntactic analysis in Mu-project-JE. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.42-47. [PDF, 461KB]

(1984) Jun-ichi Tsujii, Jun-ichi Nakamura, & Makoto Nagao: Analysis grammar of Japanese in the Mu-project – a procedural approach to analysis grammar. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.267-274. [PDF, 535KB]

(1982) Lieven Jaspaert: Deep cases for adverbial and prepositional phrases. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 137-138. [PDF, 77KB]

(1982) Fujio Nishida & Shinobu Takamatsu: Japanese-English translation through internal expressions. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 271-276. [PDF, 328KB]

(1982) Jun-ichi Tsujii: The transfer phase in an English-Japanese translation system. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 383-390. [PDF, 462KB]

 (1980) Makoto Nagao & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Some topics of language processing for machine translation. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 32-37. [PDF, 135KB]

(1980) Fujio Nishida, Shinobu Takamatsu, & Hiroaki Kuroki: English-Japanese translation through case-structure conversion. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 447-454. [PDF, 619KB]

(1980) Hiroshi Uchida & Kenji Sugiyama: A machine translation system from Japanese into English based on conceptual structure. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 455-462. [PDF, 509KB]

(1976) Makoto Nagao & Jun-Ichi Tsujii: Analysis of Japanese sentences by using semantic and contextual information. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 41; 75pp. [PDF, 3775KB]

Categorial grammar

(1988) John L. Beaven & Pete Whitelock: Machine translation using isomorphic UCGs. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.32-35. [PDF, 386KB]

Closely related languages

(1988) Alevtina Bémová, Karel Oliva, & Jarmila Panevová: Some problems of machine translation between closely related languages. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.46-48. [PDF, 352KB]

(1987) Jan Hajič: RUSLAN – an MT system between closely related languages. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;  pp. 113-117. [PDF, 288KB]

(1986) Tae Wan Kim, Jin Tae Lee, Chang Ho Park, & Ki Sik Lee: Machine translation of the Ural-Altaic as an agglutinative language - on the Korean to Japanese translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.148-157. [PDF, 154KB]

Cognates

(1982) Zdeněk Kirschner: On a device in dictionary operations in machine translation. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 157-160. [PDF, 232KB]

Compositionality

(1989) Gertjan van Noord, Joke Dorrepaal, Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louisa Sadler, & Louis des Tombe: An approach to sentence-level anaphora in machine translation.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 780KB]

(1989)  Jan Landsbergen, Jan Odijk, & André Schenk: The power of compositional translation. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3), pp.191-199. [PDF, 354KB]

 (1988) Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louis des Tombe, & Louisa Sadler: ‘Relaxed’ compositionality in machine translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 21pp. [PDF, 105KB]

(1987) Lisette Appelo, Carel Fellinger, & Jan Landsbergen: Subgrammars, rule classes and control in the Rosetta translation system.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 118-133. [PDF, 1161KB]

(1986) D.J.Arnold, S.Krauwer, M.Rosner, L.des Tombe, & G.B.Varile: The <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra: a theoretically committed notation for MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 297-303. [PDF, 681KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo: A compositional approach to the translation of temporal expressions in the Rosetta system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 313-318. [PDF, 574KB]

 (1985) Jan Landsbergen: Montague grammar and machine translation [with discussion]. In: Linguistic theory and computer applications, ed. P.Whitelock, M.M.Wood, H.L.Somers, R.Johnson and P.Bennett [proceedings of Workshop 4-6 September 1985, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology] (London: Academic Press, 1987); pp.113-147. [PDF, 694KB]

Conjunctions (see also Coordination)

(1984) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine translation environment. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.243-246. [PDF, 328KB]

(1983) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine translation environment. First conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-2 September 1983, Pisa, Italy; pp. 81-85. [PDF, 395KB]

Controlled languages

(1989) Ch.Boitet: Motivations, aims and architecture of the LIDIA project.MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 52-54 [PDF, 122KB]

(1989) Hiroshi Uchida: Controlled language. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.52-54. [PDF, 31KB]

(1988) P.J.Pym: Pre-editing and the use of simplified writing for MT: an engineer’s experience of operating an MT system.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.80-96. [PDF, 146KB]

(1988) Geoff Pogson: Enlightenment through constraint. Language Technology 6 March-April 1988; pp.22-25. [PDF, 2327KB]

(1988) Mike Scott: The automated translation of software, particularly the computer user interface and user manuals.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.109-118. [PDF, 85KB]

(1987) Jeffrey S.Mann: Get Smart! Industrial strength language processing from Smart Communications.  Language Technology 3, September-October 1987; pp.12-15. [PDF, 1411KB]

(1986) Jean Datta: Machine translation in a large organisation.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.67-73. [PDF, 38KB]

(1986) Guyonne Proudlock: Session 3: summary of the discussion.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.105-106. [PDF, 12KB]

(1986) J.Richard Ruffino & Peter F.Demauro: The impact of controlled English on machine translation. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.73-77. [PDF, 20KB]

(1986) Richard Ruffino dies. Language Monthly 33, June 1986; p.7. [PDF, 38KB]

(1983) Harold L. Somers: Investigating the possibility of a microprocessor-based machine translation system. First conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California, USA; pp. 149-155 [PDF, 537KB]

(1983) A.A.Streiff: New developments in TITUS 4.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.185-192 [PDF, 52KB]

(1983) A.P.M.Witkam: DLT: distributed language translation – a multilingual system for computer networks. Feasibility study of a multilingual facility for videotex information networks. Utrecht: Buro voor Systeemontwikkeling, 1983. 8 files. [PDF]

(1982) John Dancer: Words in the air. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.6-7. [PDF, 136KB]

(1982) H.L.Somers & R.L.Johnson: Bede: a microprocessor-based machine translation system. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 266-272. [PDF, 231KB]

(1982) H.L.Somers & R.L.Johnson: Bede: a microprocessor-based machine translation system. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 266-272. [PDF, 231KB]

(1982) Yig’al Yannai: Innovation and neologism in modern Hebrew. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp. 31-39. [PDF, 174KB]

(1981) J.Richard Ruffino: Coping with machine translation.  Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 57-60. [PDF, 17KB]

(1981) Barbara Snell: Has the human translator a future?  British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 10, February 1981; pp.4-19. [PDF, 351KB]

(1979) J.R.Straub & C.A.Rogers: Computer analysis of Basic English as a first step in machine translation. Progress in Cybernetics 5; pp.491-494. [PDF, 38KB]

(1978) John S.G.Elliston: Computer aided translation: a business viewpoint. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 149-158. [PDF, 172KB]

(1978) Hermann-Josef Zingel: Experiences with TITUS II. International Classification 5 (1), March 1978; pp.33-37. [PDF, 75KB]

(1977) Françoise Blamoutier: Training in the drafting of texts for documentation in controlled language for the purposes of automatic translation. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.495-511. [PDF, 161KB]

(1970) Th.R.Hofmann & Brian Harris: Pidgin translation. Meta 15 (2), June 1970; 71-87. [PDF, 159KB]

Coordination

(1988) Lee Ann Schwartz: Coordination: some problems and solutions for the analysis of English with an ATN. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp.. [PDF, 117KB]

(1984) Xiuming Huang: Old men and women in glasses: a headache for computational linguists. Contrastes, Hors série A4, jan.1984; pp.101-110. [PDF, 30KB]

Decipherment

(1987) Rosetta: rock-aided-translation. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; p.11. [PDF, 308KB]

Definite Clause Grammar

(1988) Marc Dymetman & Pierre Isabelle: Reversible logic grammars for machine translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 16pp. [PDF, 201KB]

(1986) Xiuming Huang & Louise Guthrie: Parsing in parallel. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 140-145. [PDF, 577KB]

(1985) Xiuming Huang: Machine translation in the SDCG formalism.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 135-144. [PDF, 336KB]

(1984) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine translation environment. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.243-246. [PDF, 328KB]

Dependency relations

(1989) John A.Bateman, Robert T.Kasper, Jörg F.L.Schütz, & Eric H.Steiner: A new view on the process of translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 282-290. [PDF, 667KB]

(1989) Probal Dasgupta: A dependency syntax of Bangla. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.89-113.

(1989) Henning Lobin: A dependency syntax of German. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.17-38.

(1989) Dan Maxwell: English-Esperanto metataxis. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.267-297.

 (1989) Dan Maxwell: DLT: a multilingual translation system. SESAME 2 (2); pp.30-38. [PDF, 235KB]

(1989) Gábor Prószeky,  Ilona Koutny, & Balázs Wacha: A dependency syntax of Hungarian. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.151-181.

(1989) Victor Sadler: Translating with a simulated bilingual knowledge bank (BKB). [Utrecht]: Buroo vor Systeemontwikkeling, April 1989; 15pp. [PDF, 399KB]

(1989) Victor Sadler: Working with analogical semantics: disambiguation techniques in DLT. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1989. 256pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 5). Contents

(1989) Shigeru Sato: A dependency syntax of Japanese. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.183-206.

(1989) Ingrid Schubert: A dependency syntax of Danish. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp. 39-67.

(1989) Klaus Schubert: Dependency syntax for parsing and generation. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.7-15.

(1989) Klaus Schubert: A dependency syntax of Esperanto. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.207-232.

(1989) Klaus Schubert: The theory and practice of metataxis. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.233-245.

(1989) Marek Świdziński: A dependency syntax of Polish. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.69-87.

(1989) Dorine Tamis: Esperanto-French metataxis. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.247-266.

(1989) Kalevi Tarvainen: A dependency syntax of Finnish. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.115-150.

(1989) Job M. van Zuijlen: Aspects of metataxis formalization. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.299-320.

(1988) Harri Jäppinen, Eero Lassila & Aarno Lehtola: Locally governed trees and dependency parsing. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.275-277. [PDF, 365KB]

 (1988) Zdeněk Kirschner: Traditional means in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.328-331. [PDF, 333KB]

(1988) Klaus Schubert: Implicitness as a guiding principle in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.599-601. [PDF, 135KB]

(1988) Dietrich M.Weidmann: Universal applicability of dependency grammar.  In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.195-204. [note]

 (1987) Masashi Sakamoto & Tsutomu Shiino: Japanese-English machine translation system “PENSEE”. Oki Technical Review 125 vol.53, April 1987; pp.9-15. [PDF,  228KB]

(1987) Klaus Schubert: Metataxis: contrastive dependency syntax for machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1987. 250pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 2) [PDF, 7634KB]

(1987) Petr Sgall & Jarmila Panevová: Machine translation, linguistics, and interlingua.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 99-103. [PDF, 344KB]

(1986) Karl-Heinz Freigang: Research on machine translation at the University of Saarbrücken. Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.83-94. [PDF, 58KB]

(1986) Peter Hellwig: Programs for language analysis and inference (PLAIN): a workbench for machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.210-226. [PDF, 94KB]

 (1986) H.Jäppinen, A.Lehtola, & K.Vaikonen: Functional structures for parsing dependency constraints. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 461-463. [PDF, 267KB]

(1986) Jürgen Kunze: Transfer as a touchstone for analysis. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.51-64. [PDF, 70КB]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Idiosyncratic gap: a tough problem to structure-bound machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 107-111. [PDF, 476KB]

 (1985) Richard Hudson: Linguistics and the machine translation of natural language texts. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 15, November 1985; 9pp.. [PDF, 179KB]

(1985) Kazunori Muraki, Shunji Ichiyama, & Yasutomo Fukumochi: Augmented dependency grammar: a simple interface between the grammar rule and the knowledge.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 198-204. [PDF, 450KB]

(1985) Mohammad Ali Sanamrad & Haruya Matsumoto: PERSIS:a natural-language analyser for Persian.. Journal of Information Processing 8 (4), 1985; pp.271-279. [PDF, 335KB]

(1984) Zdeněk Kirschner: On a dependency analysis of English for automatic translation. Contributions to functional syntax, semantics, and language comprehension, ed.Petr Sgall (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1984); pp.335-358. [PDF, 123KB]

(1984) Makoto Nagao, Toyoaki Nishida & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Dealing with incompleteness of linguistic knowledge in language translation – transfer and generation stage of Mu machine translation project. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.420-427. [PDF, 473KB]

(1984) Yoshihiko Nitta, Atsushi Okajima, Hiroyuki Kaji, Youichi Hidano, & Koichiro Ishihara: A proper treatment of syntax and semantics in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.159-166. [PDF, 556KB]

(1981) Eva Hajičova & Zdeněk Kirschner: Automatic translation from English to Czech. Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 35, 55-65. [PDF, 87KB]

(1980) Fujio Nishida, Shinobu Takamatsu, & Hiroaki Kuroki: English-Japanese translation through case-structure conversion. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 447-454. [PDF, 619KB]

 (1980) Jarmila Panevova & Petr Sgall: Automatic syntactical analysis of the Czech language. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 24-26. [PDF, 133KB]

(1979) Bente Maegaard & Hanne Ruus: Structuring linguistic information for machine translation: the EUROTRA interface structure. In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 159-169. [PDF, 85KB]

(1977) H.D.Maas: The Saarbrücken automatic translation system (SUSY).  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.586-592. [PDF, 101KB]

Dialogue

(1989) Christian Boitet: Representation and computation of units of translation for machine interpretation of spoken texts. Computers and Artificial Intelligence 8 (6); pp.505-545. [PDF, 1065KB]

(1989) Masako Kume, Gayle K.Sato, & Kei Yoshimoto: A descriptive framework for translating speaker’s meaning – towards a dialogue translation systems between Japanese and English.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 264-271. [PDF, 658KB]

(1989) Akira Kurematsu: Research on automatic telephone interpretation. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 80-81 [PDF, 90KB]

(1989) Rémi Zajac: A transfer model using a typed feature structure rewriting system with inheritance. 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-29 June 1989, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; pp.1-6. [PDF, 486KB]

(1988) Kiyoshi Kogure, Hitoshi Iida, Kei Yoshimoto, Hiroyuki Maeda, Masako Kume, & Susumu Kato: A method of analyzing Japanese speech act types. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 10pp. [PDF, 197KB]

(1988) Seiji Miike, Koichi Hasebe, Harold Somers, & Shin-ya Amano: Experiences with an on-line translating dialogue system. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7-10 June 1988, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; pp.155-162. [PDF, 647KB]

(1988) Izuru Nogaito & Hitoshi Iida: Noun phrase identification in dialogue and its application. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 138KB]

(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii & Makoto Nagao: Dialogue translation vs. text translation – interpretation based approach. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.688-693. [PDF, 483KB]

(1985) Yorick Wilks: Relevance, points of view and dialogue modelling.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 370-387. [PDF, 198KB]

Discontiguous relations

(1988) Ch.Boitet & Y.Zaharin: Representation trees and string-tree correspondences. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.59-64. [PDF, 240KB]

Discourse representation

 (1989) Claude Bédard: Suddenly it’s discourse analysis. [Book review] Text cohesion in translation [by] Bart Papegaaij and Klaus Schubert… 1988. Language Technology/Electric Word 13, May-June 1989; pp.66-67. [PDF, 238KB]

(1989) Shun Ishizaki: Machine translation using contextual information. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 25 [PDF, 82KB] [Rewritten version of paper given at MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: Cohesion and coherence in the presentation of machine translation products. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.89-105. [PDF, 159KB]

(1989) Hiroaki Kitano, Hideto Tomabechi, & Lori Levin: Ambiguity resolution in the DmTrans Plus. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 72-79. [PDF, 739KB]

(1988) Christa Hauenschild: Discourse structure – some implications for machine translation. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.145-156. [note]

(1988) Bart Papegaaij &  Klaus Schubert: Text coherence in translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1988. 211pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 3). Contents.

(1988) Erich H.Steiner & Jutta Winter-Thielen: On the semantics of focus phenomena in Eurotra. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.630-635. [PDF, 466KB]

(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii: What is a cross-linguistically valid interpretation of discourse? In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.157-166. [note]

(1987) James Pustejovsky: An integrated theory of discourse analysis. In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.168-191.

(1986) Annely Rothkegel: Pragmatics in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 335-337. [PDF, 262KB]

(1986) Allen B.Tucker, Sergei Nirenburg, & Victor Raskin: Discourse and cohesion in expository text. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 181-183. [PDF, 323KB]

(1985) David D. McDonald: Recovering the speaker’s decisions during mechanical translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 183-199. [PDF, 173KB]

 (1985) Margaret Masterman: Thoughts on information structure in language [book reviews]. Language Monthly 17, February 1985; pp.23-24. [PDF, 37KB]

(1985) James Pustejovsky: The level hypothesis in discourse analysis.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 245-267. [PDF, 213KB]

(1985) Yorick Wilks: Relevance, points of view and dialogue modelling.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 370-387. [PDF, 198KB]

(1982) Christa Hauenschild: A pragmatic concept of theme and rheme for machine translation. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 121-123. [PDF, 113KB]

(1982) N.N.Leont’eva: Automatic translation through understanding and summarizing. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 178-181. [PDF, 130KB]

(1980) Z.M.Shalyapina: Problems of formal representation of text structure from the point of view of automatic translation. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 174-182. [PDF, 1076KB]

(1976) Roger C. Schank: Programs to understand stories [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.65 [PDF, 3691KB]

(1975) Wallace L. Chafe: Verbalization and translation by machine. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 10; 95pp. [PDF, 3964KB]

(1975) Martin Kay: Syntactic processing and functional sentence perspective. Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing: an interdisciplinary workshop… 10-13 June 1975, Cambridge, Massachusetts; pp.12-15. [PDF, 856KB]

Emphasis and stress

(1981) Margaret Masterman: The limits of innovation in machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 163-186. [PDF, 161KB]

Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar

(1988) Juan A. Alonso: A model for transfer control in the METAL MT-system. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.19-24. [PDF, 383KB]

(1988) Bengt Sigurd: Translating to and from Swedish by SWETRA – a multilanguage translation system. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.205-218. [note]

(1986) Hee Sung Chung & Tosiyasu L. Kunji: NARA: a two-way simultaneous interpretation system between Korean and Japanese – a methodological study. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 325-328. [PDF, 395KB]

(1986) P.J.Whitelock, M.McGee Wood, B.J.Chandler, N.Holden & H.J.Horsfall: Strategies for interactive machine translation: the experience and implications of the UMIST Japanese project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 329-334. [PDF, 684KB]

Grammar formalisms see also: Case grammar, Context-free grammar, Definite Clause Grammar, Fulcrum approach, Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar,Left Associative Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Meaning-text model, Montague grammar,  Principles and parameters, Situation theory, Stratificational grammar, Systemic Functional Grammar, Transformational-generative grammar, Tree Adjoining Grammar, Unification grammar

(1989) Job M. van Zuijlen: Aspects of metataxis formalization. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.299-320.

(1989) Jürgen Vollmer: Eurotra – goals, organization and framework design. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1989; pp.85-95. [PDF, 38KB]

(1989) Zaharin Yusoff: On formalisms and analysis, generation and synthesis in machine translation.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 319-326. [PDF, 587KB]

(1988) Annelise Bech & Anders Nygaard: The E-framework: a formalism for natural language processing. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.36-39. [PDF, 345KB]

(1988) Megumi Kameyama: Atomization in grammar sharing. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7-10 June 1988, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; pp.194-203. [PDF, 804KB]

(1988) René Leermakers: How to cover a grammar. [Eindhoven: Philips Research Laboratories, 1988]; 7pp. [PDF, 314KB]

(1988) Bente Maegaard: Designing and testing linguistic development phases in a machine translation project. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.387-389. [PDF, 306KB]

(1988) Gábor Prószeky: Hungarian – a special challenge to machine translation? In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.219-231.

(1988) Bengt Sigurd: Translating to and from Swedish by SWETRA – a multilanguage translation system. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.205-218.

(1988) Giovanni B. Varile & Peter Lau: Eurotra: practical experience with a multilingual machine translation system under development.  Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 160-167. [PDF, 522KB]

(1987) Doug Arnold & Louis des Tombe: Basic theory and methodology in EUROTRA.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.114-135.

(1987) Gerald Gazdar: COMIT ==>* PATR II. TINLAP-3: Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing 3: New Mexico State University, 7-9 January 1987. Position papers; pp.39-41. [PDF, 630KB]

(1987) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.302-316.

(1986) D.J.Arnold, S.Krauwer, M.Rosner, L.des Tombe, & G.B.Varile: The <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra: a theoretically committed notation for MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 297-303. [PDF, 681KB]

(1986) Johann Haller & Dieter Maas: Eurotra-D: linguistic research and software test systems for machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.177-196. [PDF, 65KB]

(1986) Lieven Jaspaert: Linguistic developments in Eurotra since 1983. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 294-296. [PDF, 282KB]

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt & Manfred Thiel: Controlled active procedures as a tool for linguistic engineering. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 464-469. [PDF, 543KB]

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt: A CAP parser generator for German. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.244-266. [PDF, 87KB]

(1986) Christian Rohrer: Linguistic bases for machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 353-355. [PDF, 319KB]

(1986) Rémi Zajac: SCSL: a linguistic specification language for MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 393-398. [PDF, 414KB]

(1985) Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Louis des Tombe, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A mu1 view of the <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 1-14. [PDF, 202KB]

(1985) Louis des Tombe, Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A preliminary linguistic framework for EUROTRA, June 1985.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 283-288. [PDF, 138KB]

(1985) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 167-178. [PDF, 176KB]

(1985) Bernard Vauquois & Sylviane Chappuy: Static grammars: a formalism for the description of linguistic models.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 298-322. [PDF, 282KB]

(1984) Doug Arnold & Rod Johnson: Robust processing in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.472-475. [PDF, 354KB]

(1984) Christian Boitet & René Gerber: Expert systems and other new techniques in MT systems. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.468-471. [PDF, 353KB]

(1984) Marco A. Clemente-Salazar: Use of c-graphs in a prototype for automatic translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.61-64. [PDF, 268KB]

(1984) R.L.Johnson, S.Krauwer, M.A.Rosner, & G.B.Varile: The design of the kernel architecture for the Eurotra software. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.226-235. [PDF, 726KB]

(1984) Jun-ichi Nakamura, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Makoto Nagao: Grammar writing system (GRADE) of Mu-machine translation project and its characteristics. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.338-343. [PDF, 403KB]

(1980) Ch.Boitet, P.Chatelin, & P.Daun Fraga: Present and future paradigms in the automatized translation of natural languages. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 430-436. [PDF, 648KB]

(1980) Werner Dilger: Automatic translation with attribute grammars. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 397-404. [PDF, 530KB]

(1980) Alan K.Melby, Melvin R.Smith & Jill Peterson: ITS: interactive translation system. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 424-429. [PDF, 403KB]

 (1980) Alan K.Melby: Design and implementation of a computer-assisted translation system. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 9, January 1980; pp.7-19. [PDF, 372KB]

(1979) John Hutchins: Linguistic models in machine translation. UEA Papers in Linguistics 9, January 1979; pp.29-52. [PDF, 160KB]

(1975) Eldon G. Lytel, Dennis Packard, Daryl Gibb, Alan K.Melby, & Floyd H.Billings, Jr.:  Junction grammar as a base for natural language processing. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 26; 74pp. [PDF, 2259KB]

 (1973) Sydney M.Lamb: Stratificational linguistics as a basis for machine translation. In: Adam Makkai and David G.Lockwood (eds.) Readings in stratificational linguistics (University of Alabama Press, 1973); pp.34-59. [PDF, 677KB]

(1973) Alan K. Melby: Junction grammar and machine assisted translation. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.785-824. [PDF, 356KB]

Grammars and grammar acquisition

(1988) Hee Sung Chung: A principle-based Korean/Japanese machine translation system: NARA. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 161KB]

Hieroglyphs

(1987) Rosetta: rock-aided-translation. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; p.11. [PDF, 308KB]

Homonyms, homographs and homophones (see also Word sense disambiguation)

(1984) A.N.Kiselev: The utilisation of the structural type-based routines as a homograph resolution method in the AMPAR system. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 31-35. [PDF, 57KB]

(1980) Hiroshi Makino & Makato Kizawa: An automatic translation system of non-segmented kana sentences into kanji-kana sentences. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 430-436. [PDF, 694KB]

(1973) Heinz J. Weber: The automatically built up homograph dictionary – a component of a dynamic lexical system. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.457-466. [PDF, 161KB]

Idioms

(1989) André Schenk: The formation of idiomatic structures. Eindhoven: Philips Research Laboratories, 1988; 12pp. [PDF, 250KB]

(1986) André Schenk: Idioms in the Rosetta machine translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 319-324. [PDF, 542KB]

(1973) Annely Rothkegel: Idioms in automatic language processing. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.713-728. [PDF, 270KB]

Instructions

(1986) Rika Yoshii: A robust machine translation system. SPIE vol.635 Applications of Artificial Intelligence II (1986); pp.455-463. [PDF,422KB]

International terms

(1982) Zdeněk Kirschner: On a device in dictionary operations in machine translation. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 157-160. [PDF, 232KB]

Interpretation and MT

(1989) Christian Boitet: Representation and computation of units of translation for machine interpretation of spoken texts. Computers and Artificial Intelligence 8 (6); pp.505-545. [PDF, 1065KB]

Language universals

(1988) Dietrich M.Weidmann: Universal applicability of dependency grammar.  In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.195-204. [note]

Left Associative Grammar

(1988) Roland Hausser: Computational complexity of left-associative grammar. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 196KB]

Lexical Functional Grammar

(1989) Ronald M.Kaplan, Klaus Netter, Jürgen Wedekind, & Annie Zaenen: Translation by structural correspondences. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 272-281. [PDF, 845KB]

 (1989) Geoffrey Kingscott: The Language International interview: Takehiko Yamamoto of Bravice International Inc. Language International 1(3), May/June 1989; pp.5-7. [PDF, 167KB]

(1986) Ikuo Kudo & Hirosato Nomura: Lexical-functional transfer: a transfer framework in a machine translation system based on LFG. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 112-114. [PDF, 342KB]

(1986) Klaus Netter & Jürgen Wedekind: An LFG-based approach to machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.199-209. [PDF, 203KB]

(1986) P.J.Whitelock, M.McGee Wood, B.J.Chandler, N.Holden & H.J.Horsfall: Strategies for interactive machine translation: the experience and implications of the UMIST Japanese project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 329-334. [PDF, 684KB]

Linguistics and MT

(1989) Winfred P. Lehmann: Machine translation: achievements, problems, promise. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.385-392. [PDF, 96KB]

(1989) Gertjan van Noord, Joke Dorrepaal, Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louisa Sadler, & Louis des Tombe: An approach to sentence-level anaphora in machine translation.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 780KB]

(1989) Zaharin Yusoff: On formalisms and analysis, generation and synthesis in machine translation.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 319-326. [PDF, 587KB]

(1988) Petr Sgall: On some results of the conference.  In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.243-250. [note]

(1988) Tibor Vámos: Language and the computer society. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.65-74.

(1987) Victor Raskin: Linguistics and natural language processing.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.42-58.

(1987) Petr Sgall & Jarmila Panevová: Machine translation, linguistics, and interlingua.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 99-103. [PDF, 344KB]

 (1987) Michael Zarechnak: Space age and machine translation. Language Technology 4, November-December 1987; p.6. [PDF, 335KB]

(1986) Johann Haller & Dieter Maas: Eurotra-D: linguistic research and software test systems for machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.177-196. [PDF, 65KB]

(1986) Kimmo Kettunen: Letter to the editor: Is MT linguistics? Computational Linguistics, vol.12, no.1, January-March 1986; pp.37-38. [PDF, 158KB]

(1986) Jonathan Slocum: Letter to the editor: Is MT linguistics? (Reply to Letter to the Editor, volume 12, number 1) Computational Linguistics, vol.12, no.2, April-June 1986; p.125. [PDF, 85KB]

(1986) Alan K.Melby: Lexical transfer: a missing element in linguistics theories. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 104-106. [PDF, 544KB]

(1986) Christian Rohrer: Linguistic bases for machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 353-355. [PDF, 319KB]

(1985) Russell Bateman: Linguistic tools are incidental to work in machine translation. Language Monthly 21, June 1985; pp.22,24-25. [PDF, 50KB]

(1985) Richard Hudson: Linguistics and the machine translation of natural language texts. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 15, November 1985; 9pp.. [PDF, 179KB]

(1985) Rod Johnson: Translation [with discussion]. In: Linguistic theory and computer applications, eds. P.Whitelock, M.M.Wood, H.L.Somers, R.Johnson and P.Bennett [proceedings of Workshop 4-6 September 1985, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology] (London: Academic Press, 1987); pp.257-285. [PDF, 111KB]

(1985) Winfred P.Lehmann: Computer aided translation: state of the art in the USA and Canada. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.13-26. [PDF, 65KB]

(1985) Victor Raskin: Linguistics and natural language processing.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 268-282. [PDF, 175KB]

 (1984) Anne de Roeck: Linguistic theory and early machine translation. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 38-57.

(1984) J.Hutchins: Methods of linguistic analysis in machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 31pp. [PDF, 237KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.3-35. ]

(1984) Patrick Shann: Machine translation: a problem of linguistic engineering or of cognitive modelling?  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 71-90.

 (1984) E.Wehrli: Recent developments in theoretical linguistics and implications for machine translation. In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 58-70.

(1983) Geoffrey Sampson: Fallible rationalism and machine translation.  First conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-2 September 1983, Pisa, Italy; pp. 86-89. [PDF, 400KB]

(1982) David G.Hays: 2002: another score. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.95-96. [PDF, 182KB]

(1979) John Hutchins: Linguistic models in machine translation. UEA Papers in Linguistics 9, January 1979; pp.29-52. [PDF, 160KB]

(1977) Bernard E. Scott: Linguistic and computational motivations for the Logos machine translation system – an overview. Mt Arlington: Logos Corporation, 1977 rev. 1998. 40pp. Repr in: IAI Working Paper no.36, 2000. [PDF, 181KB]

(1976) Wallace L. Chafe: Foundations of machine translation: linguistics [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp. 8-9[PDF, 91KB]

(1973) Rolf A. Stachowitz: Beyond the feasibility study: syntax and semantics.  Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.837-848. [PDF, 144KB]

 (1971) Martin Kay: The MIND system. In: Randall Rustin (ed.) Natural language processing: Courant Computer Science Symposium 8, December 20-21, 1971 (New York: Algortithmics Press, 1973); pp.155-188. [PDF, 119KB]

(1971) Winfred P.Lehmann & Rolf Stachowitz: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; vol.1, pp.ii-xi, 1-72pp. [PDF, 236KB]

Logical aspects

(1989) Rémi Zajac: A transfer model using a typed feature structure rewriting system with inheritance. 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-29 June 1989, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; pp.1-6. [PDF, 486KB]

(1986) Peter Hellwig: Programs for language analysis and inference (PLAIN): a workbench for machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.210-226. [PDF, 94KB]

 (1984) Peter Nwoye O.Mbaeyi: What is the language of memory? International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; abstract, 1p. [PDF, 8KB]

(1980) S.P.J.Landsbergen: Adaptation of Montague grammar to the requirements of question-answering. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 211-212. [PDF, 117KB]

(1971) Lauri Karttunen: The logic of English predicate complement constructions. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.119-155. [PDF, 98KB]

Meaning-text model

(1989) Ulrich Heid & Sybille Raab: Collocations in multilingual generation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 130-136. [PDF, 507KB]

(1988) Richard Kittredge, Lidija Iordanskaja, & Alain Polguère: Multi-lingual text generation and the Meaning-Text Theory. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 196KB]

(1981) Igor A.Mel’čuk: Meaning-text models: a recent trend in Soviet linguistics. Annual Review of Anthropology 10 (1981); pp.27-62. [PDF, 768KB]

Modality

(1986) Károly Fábricz: Particle homonymy and machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 59-61. [PDF, 213KB]

(1985) Shozo Naito, Akira Shimazu, & Hirosato Nomura: Classification of modality function and its application to Japanese language analysis. 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 8-12 July 1985, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; pp.27-34. [PDF, 690KB]

Montague grammar

(1989) Jan Landsbergen: The Rosetta project. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 82-87 [PDF, 133KB]

(1989) Jan Landsbergen, Jan Odijk, & André Schenk: The power of compositional translation. Eindhoven: Philips Research Laboratories, 1988; 29pp. [537KB]

(1989) Jan Odijk: The organization of the Rosetta grammars. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 80-86. [PDF, 667KB]

(1987) Lisette Appelo, Carel Fellinger, & Jan Landsbergen: Subgrammars, rule classes and control in the Rosetta translation system.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 118-133. [PDF, 1161KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo: A compositional approach to the translation of temporal expressions in the Rosetta system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 313-318. [PDF, 574KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo & Jan Landsbergen: The machine translation project Rosetta. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.36-50. [PDF, 114KB]

(1986) R. Leermakers & J.Rous: The translation method of Rosetta. Presented at the International Conference on Machine and Machine-aided Translation, April 7-9, 1986, Aston University Birmingham; 20pp. [PDF,328KB]

(1986) André Schenk: Idioms in the Rosetta machine translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 319-324. [PDF, 542KB]

 (1984) Jan Landsbergen: Isomorphic grammars and their use in the Rosetta translation system.  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 351-372.

(1983) Toyoaki Nishida & Shuji Doshita: An application of Montague grammar to English-Japanese machine translation.  First conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California, USA; pp. 156-165 [PDF, 618KB]

 (1985) Jan Landsbergen: Montague grammar and machine translation [with discussion]. In: Linguistic theory and computer applications, ed. P.Whitelock, M.M.Wood, H.L.Somers, R.Johnson and P.Bennett [proceedings of Workshop 4-6 September 1985, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology] (London: Academic Press, 1987); pp.113-147. [PDF, 694KB]

(1982) Jan Landsbergen: Machine translation based on logically isomorphic Montague grammars. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 175-181. [PDF, 356KB]

 (1981) Jan Landsbergen: Adaptation of Montague grammar to the requirements of parsing. In: J.A.G.Groenendijk, T.M.V.Janssen, M.B.J.Stokhof (eds.) Formal methods in the study of language (MC Tract 136) Amsterdam Mathematical Centre, 1981; pp.399-419. [PDF, 352KB]

(1980) S.P.J.Landsbergen: Adaptation of Montague grammar to the requirements of question-answering. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 211-212. [PDF, 117KB]

(1980) Toyo-aki Nishida & Shuji Doshita: Hierarchical meaning representation and analysis of natural language documents. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 85-92. [PDF, 635KB]

Multiword expressions [see also Nouns and Noun phrases, Prepositional phrases, Verbs and verb phrases]

(1989) Ulrich Heid & Sybille Raab: Collocations in multilingual generation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 130-136. [PDF, 507KB]

(1984) F.J.Smith, K.Devine & P.Craig: Searching single-word and multi-word dictionaries. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 11pp. [PDF, 243KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.243-254.]

Negation

(1988) Elly van Munster: The treatment of scope and negation in Rosetta. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.442-447. [PDF, 615KB]

Nouns and noun phrases

(1989) Michael Zarechnak: Semantic subclasses of temporal nouns.  Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.295-303. [PDF, 59KB]

(1988) Megumi Kameyama: Atomization in grammar sharing. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7-10 June 1988, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; pp.194-203. [PDF, 804KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Tetsuya Ishikawa, & Masyuki Satoh: Concept and structure of semantic markers for machine translation in Mu project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 13-19. [PDF, 642KB]

(1982) Makoto Nagao, Jun-ichi Tsujii, Koji Yada, & Toshihiro Kakimoto: An English Japanese machine translation system of the titles of scientific and engineering papers. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 245-252. [PDF, 316KB]

Numbers and numerals

(1978) Walter Goshawke: SLUNT notes: the rules of number language, part I. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 7, November 1978; pp.9-16. [PDF, 237KB]

Paraphrases

(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii & Makoto Nagao: Dialogue translation vs. text translation – interpretation based approach. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.688-693. [PDF, 483KB]

(1988) Rémi Zajac: Interactive translation: a new approach. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.785-790. [PDF, 373KB]

 (1971) Rolf Stachowitz: Lexical features in translation and paraphrasing: an experiment. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.367-408. [PDF, 553KB]

Particles

(1986) Károly Fábricz: Particle homonymy and machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 59-61. [PDF, 213KB]

Pidgin language

(1970) Th.R.Hofmann & Brian Harris: Pidgin translation. Meta 15 (2), June 1970; 71-87. [PDF, 159KB]

Pragmatics in MT

(1989) Masako Kume, Gayle K.Sato, & Kei Yoshimoto: A descriptive framework for translating speaker’s meaning – towards a dialogue translation systems between Japanese and English.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 264-271. [PDF, 658KB]

(1988) Izuru Nogaito & Hitoshi Iida: Noun phrase identification in dialogue and its application. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 138KB]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Idiosyncratic gap: a tough problem to structure-bound machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 107-111. [PDF, 476KB]

(1986) Annely Rothkegel: Pragmatics in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 335-337. [PDF, 262KB]

(1982) Christa Hauenschild: A pragmatic concept of theme and rheme for machine translation. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 121-123. [PDF, 113KB]

(1973) Rolf A. Stachowitz: Beyond the feasibility study: syntax and semantics.  Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.837-848. [PDF, 144KB]

(1971) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Some reflections on the present outlook for high-quality machine translation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.73-76. [PDF, 29KB]

(1971) C.F.Fillmore: On a fully developed system of linguistic description. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.77-94. [PDF, 54KB]

(1971) Eugene D.Pendergraft: Meaning revisited. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.188-323. [PDF, 338KB]

Prepositional phrases

(1982) Lieven Jaspaert: Deep cases for adverbial and prepositional phrases. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 137-138. [PDF, 77KB]

Principles and parameters

(1986) Randall Sharp: A parametric NL translator. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 124-126. [PDF, 304KB]

Quantifiers

(1988) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: Universal quantification in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.791-795. [PDF, 479KB]

Reference (see also Anaphora resolution, Discourse representation, Pronouns)

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: Cohesion and coherence in the presentation of machine translation products. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.89-105. [PDF, 159KB]

(1988) Bart Papegaaij &  Klaus Schubert: Text coherence in translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1988. 211pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 3). Contents.

Scope

(1988) Elly van Munster: The treatment of scope and negation in Rosetta. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.442-447. [PDF, 615KB]

(1983) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine translation environment. First conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-2 September 1983, Pisa, Italy; pp. 81-85. [PDF, 395KB]

Semiotic aspects

(1986) Paul L.Garvin: Semiotic aspects of machine translation. In: Jacob L.Mey (ed.) Language and discourse: test and protest. A festschrift for Petr Sgall (Linguistic & literary studies in Eastern Europe, vol.19). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1986; pp.555-563. [PDF, 109KB]

(1984) R.G.Piotrovsky: The semiotical interpretation of machine translation. International Forum on Information and Documentation 9 (4), October 1984; pp.22-26. [PDF, 161KB]

Situation theory

(1989) R.Johnson & M.Rosner: A rich environment for experimentation with unification grammars.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 182-189. [PDF, 551KB]

(1989) C.J.Rupp: Situation semantics and machine translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 308-318. [PDF, 896KB]

Slot grammar

(1989) Michael McCord: LMT. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 94-99 [PDF, 169KB]

 (1989) M.C.McCord: A new version of the machine translation system LMT. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3), pp.218-229. [PDF, 614KB]

(1989) Michael C. McCord: Design of LMT: a Prolog-based machine translation system.  Computational Linguistics 15 (1), pp. 33-52 [PDF, 2306KB]

(1980) Michael C. McCord: Slot grammars. American Journal of Computational Linguistics 6 (1), pp. 31-43 [PDF, 1242KB]

Speech acts

(1989) Masako Kume, Gayle K.Sato, & Kei Yoshimoto: A descriptive framework for translating speaker’s meaning – towards a dialogue translation systems between Japanese and English.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 264-271. [PDF, 658KB]

(1989) Rémi Zajac: A transfer model using a typed feature structure rewriting system with inheritance. 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-29 June 1989, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; pp.1-6. [PDF, 486KB]

(1988) Kiyoshi Kogure, Hitoshi Iida, Kei Yoshimoto, Hiroyuki Maeda, Masako Kume, & Susumu Kato: A method of analyzing Japanese speech act types. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 10pp. [PDF, 197KB]

(1986) Annely Rothkegel: Pragmatics in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 335-337. [PDF, 262KB]

(1985) Yorick Wilks: Relevance, points of view and dialogue modelling.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 370-387. [PDF, 198KB]

(1971) Norman M.Martin: Philosophy of language and the feasibility of MT: a position paper. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.163-174. [PDF, 32KB]

Stratificational grammar

(1989) John A.Bateman, Robert T.Kasper, Jörg F.L.Schütz, & Eric H.Steiner: A new view on the process of translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 282-290. [PDF, 667KB]

(1988) Chrysanne DiMarco & Graeme Hirst: Stylistic grammars in language translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.148-153. [PDF, 535KB]

(1988) Anthony Raw, Bart Vandecapelle & Frank Van Eynde: Eurotra: an overview. Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 5-32. [PDF, 218KB]

(1986) Paul Schmidt: Valency theory in a stratificational MT-system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 307-312. [PDF, 618KB]

 (1973) Sydney M.Lamb: Stratificational linguistics as a basis for machine translation. In: Adam Makkai and David G.Lockwood (eds.) Readings in stratificational linguistics (University of Alabama Press, 1973); pp.34-59. [PDF, 677KB]

String grammar

(1973) Morris Salkoff: On using semantic data in automatic syntactic analysis. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.385-395. [PDF, 350KB]

Stylistic aspects

(1988) Chrysanne DiMarco & Graeme Hirst: Stylistic grammars in language translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.148-153. [PDF, 535KB]

 (1984) J.Richard Ruffino: Stylistic considerations of machine-assisted and human translation. ATA Chronicle 13 (5), May-June 1984; pp.17-21. [PDF, 37KB]

(1983) Veronica Lawson: The language of patents: a typology of patents, with particular reference to machine translation. Lebende Sprachen 28 (2), 58-61.

Sublanguage

(1988) Douglas Arnold: Text typology and machine translation: an overview.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.73-79. [PDF, 36KB]

(1988) Pierre Isabelle, Marc Dymetman, & Elliott Macklovitch: CRITTER: a translation system for agricultural market reports. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.261-266. [PDF, 95KB]

(1988) Richard Kittredge, Lidija Iordanskaja, & Alain Polguère: Multi-lingual text generation and the Meaning-Text Theory. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 196KB]

(1988) Michiko Kosaka, Virginia Teller, & Ralph Grishman: A sublanguage approach to Japanese-English machine translation. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.109-121. [note]

(1988) Virginia Teller, Michiko Kosaka, & Ralph Grishman: A comparative study of Japanese and English sublanguage patterns. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 157KB]

(1987) Richard I. Kittredge: The significance of sublanguage for automatic translation.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.59-67.

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Idiosyncratic gap: a tough problem to structure-bound machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 107-111. [PDF, 476KB]

(1986) Jonathan Slocum: How one might automatically identify and adapt to a sublanguage: an initial exploration. In: Ralph Grishman [and] Richard Kittredge (eds.) Analyzing language in restricted domains: sublanguage description and processing (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1986); pp.195-210. [PDF, 145KB]

(1985) Richard I. Kittredge: The significance of sublanguage for automatic translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 154-166. [PDF, 143KB]

 (1985) Richard I.Kittredge: The significance of sublanguage for automatic translation. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.101-113. [PDF, 60KB]

(1984) Beat Buchmann, Susan Warwick, & Patrick Shann: Design of a machine translation system for a sublanguage. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.334-337. [PDF, 356KB]

 (1984) Elliott Macklovitch: Recent Canadian experience in machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 11pp. [PDF, 37KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.59-67.]

(1984) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the U.S.S.R. Computers and the Humanities 18 (1), 39-46. [PDF, 121KB]

 (1983) Muriel Vasconcellos: Management of the machine translation environment: interaction of functions at the Pan American Health Organization.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.115-129 [PDF, 90KB]

(1982) Richard Kittredge: Variation and homogeneity of sublanguages. In: Richard Kittredge and John Lehrberger (eds.) Sublanguage: studies of language in restricted semantic domains (Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1982); pp.107-137. [PDF, 745KB]

(1982) John Lehrberger: Automatic translation and the concept of sublanguage. In: Richard Kittredge and John Lehrberger (eds.) Sublanguage: studies of language in restricted semantic domains (Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1982); pp.81-106. [PDF, 174KB]

(1982) Merle D.Tenney & Robert A.Russell: Pooling and threading in translation term banks. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 287-290. [PDF, 126KB]

(1981) Benoît Thouin: The METEO system. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 39-44. [PDF, 26KB]

(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh, Hing-Sum Hung, & Luan Kong: A dual language translator. Advances in computer-aided literary and linguistic research: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Computers in Literary and Linguistic Research, University of Aston, Birmingham, 3-7 April 1978 (AMLC 1979); pp.107-115. [PDF,

(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh, Luan Kong, & Hing-Sum Hung: Machine translation of Chinese mathematical articles. ALLC Bulletin, vol.6, 1978; pp. 111-120. [PDF, 107KB]

(1976) John Chandioux: METEO, an operational system for the translation of public weather forecasts. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.27-36 [PDF, 324KB]

Systemic Functional Grammar

(1989) John A.Bateman, Robert T.Kasper, Jörg F.L.Schütz, & Eric H.Steiner: A new view on the process of translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 282-290. [PDF, 667KB]

Temporal expressions

(1989) Michael Zarechnak: Semantic subclasses of temporal nouns.  Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.295-303. [PDF, 59KB]

(1987) Frank van Eynde: Iteration, habituality and verb form semantics. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 270-277. [PDF, 174KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo: A compositional approach to the translation of temporal expressions in the Rosetta system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 313-318. [PDF, 574KB]

(1985) Frank van Eynde, Louis des Tombe, & Fons Maes: The specification of time meaning for machine translation. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 35-40. [PDF, 386KB]

Tense (see also Temporal expressions)

(1988) M.Meya & J.Vidal: An integrated model for the treatment of time in MT-systems. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.437-441. [PDF, 327KB]

(1988) Frank van Eynde: The analysis of tense and aspect in Eurotra. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.699-704. [PDF, 517KB]

Terminology (see also Termbanks)

(1989) Nigel Cassar: Computer tools to improve the work of translators.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.29-38. [PDF, 95KB]

(1989) Tim Davies: TERMDOK: the ultimate translator’s tool. Electric Word 16, November-December 1989; pp.51-52. [PDF, 354KB]

 (1989) Alan Melby: Translation support. IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.26-28. [PDF, 22KB]

(1989) Rose Sneddon: Session 2: summary of the discussion. Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.63-66. [PDF, 22KB]

(1988) Wera Blanke: Terminologia Esperanto-Centro – efforts for terminological standardization in the planned language. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.): New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.183-194. [note]

(1988) Christian Galinski: Advanced terminology banks supporting knowledge-based MT: some reflections on the costs for setting up and operating a terminological data bank (TDB).  In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.167-181. [note]

(1988) Alain Paillet: User experience of Termbase.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.97-108. [PDF, 97KB]

(1988) Wera Blanke: Terminologia Esperanto-Centro – efforts for terminological standardization in the planned language. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.183-194.

 (1987) Alex Gross: An open letter about glossaries. Language Monthly 50, November 1987; pp.6-7. [PDF, 27KB]

 (1987) Andrew Joscelyne: Terminology on Minitel in France. Language Technology 2, July-August 1987; p.19. [PDF, 261KB]

(1987) Victor Sadler: AI-directed interlingual terminography in tomorrow’s MT systems. Proceedings International Congress on Terminology and Knowledge Engineering, 29 Sept.- 1 Oct.1987, University of Trier, Federal Republic of Germany; 7pp. [PDF, 234KB]

 (1987) Juan Sager: New tasks for terminology. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.109-111. [PDF, 15KB]

(1987) Mahmoud Esmail Sieny: Pan-Arab and international cooperation in technical terminology. Translating and Mthe Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.167-179. [PDF, 54KB]

(1987) Jean-Marie Timmermans: The Conference of Translation Services of West European States. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.180-185. [PDF, 28KB]

(1987) B.H.E.Wilson: Session 4: summary of the discussion. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.192-194. [PDF, 15KB]

(1986) P.J.Arthern: Terminology in the European Communities.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.53-60. [PDF, 78KB]

(1986) Patrick N.Chaffey: Translating administrative terminology using an Olivetti M24.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.95-104. [PDF, 68KB]

(1986) Edith Kroupa: Multilingual aspects of reference information systems (MARIS). International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.227-241. [PDF, 83KB]

(1986) Dwight Marsh: Background to Mercury, a glossary building program for translators. Language Monthly 31, April 1986; p.12. [PDF, 191KB]

(1986) Guyonne Proudlock: Session 2: summary of the discussion. Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.61-62. [PDF, 57KB]

(1986) Leland D.Wright: The Mercury glossary management software package. Language Monthly 31, April 1986; pp.13-15. [PDF, 191KB]

(1986) InfoARBED to distribute MERCURY. Language Monthly 34, July 1986; p.28. [PDF,                       

(1985) J.A.Alsop: TERMIA 84 conference – terminology and international cooperation. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 15, November 1985; 4pp.. [PDF, 63KB]

(1985) Helmut Felber: Terminology and machine-assisted translation. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.117-122. [PDF,33KB]

(1985) Mahmoud Esmail Sieny: BASM (The Saudi terminology data bank). In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp. 195-210. [PDF, 75KB]

(1984) Patrick Sutton, Maud Fortune & John Scott: Summary of discussion (Parallel Session I: Handling terminology). Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.59-64. [PDF, 26KB]

(1984) Linda Crombie-Talhami: Office automation and the Teleglobe experience. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.95-104. [PDF, 44KB]

(1983) Merle D.Tenney: Machine translation, machine-aided translation, and machine-impeded translation.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.105-113 [PDF, 38KB]

(1983) Muriel Vasconcellos: Management of the machine translation environment: interaction of functions at the Pan American Health Organization.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.115-129 [PDF, 90KB]

(1982) see Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983)

(1980) P.J.Arthern: Aids unlimited: the scope for machine aids in a large organization. Machine aids for translators: Aslib Technical Translation Group conference and exhibition, London, 20 November 1980 (Aslib Proceedings 33 (7/8), July/August 1981); pp.309-319. [PDF, 192KB]

(1980) Pauline Duckitt: Translating and online. Machine aids for translators: Aslib Technical Translation Group conference and exhibition, London, 20 November 1980 (Aslib Proceedings 33 (7/8), July/August 1981); pp.290-296. [PDF, 167KB]

(1980) Gunter Neubert: Machine-aiding of translation processes by user-controlled dictionary look-up. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 30-31. [PDF, 69KB]

(1978) Peter J. Arthern: Machine translation and computerized terminology systems: a translator’s viewpoint. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp.77-108. [PDF, 253KB]

(1978) J. Goetschalckx: Eurodicautom. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 71-75. [PDF, 157KB]

(1977) G.Beling: The use of EDP in terminology work. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.101-121. [PDF, 154KB]

(1977)  H. Felber: International efforts to overcome difficulties in technical communication.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.86-99. [PDF, 166KB]

(1977) J.Goetschalckx: Terminological activities in the European institutions, with special reference to Eurodicautom. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.123-152. [PDF, 203KB]

(1977)  J. Laurent: Utilization of the technical terminology standardized at AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation).  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.189-211. [PDF, 232KB]

(1977) J.C.Sager: Conclusions and recommendations [at] Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.147-159. [PDF, 131KB]

(1977) G.F. Stephan: The need for differentiated scientific and technical terminologies aimed at the different levels in education and practical human activities.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.213-216. [PDF, 101KB]

Thesauri

(1988) Yorick Wilks: Themes in the work of Margaret Masterman.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.148-160. [PDF, 64KB]

 (1986) M.Masterman, R.M.Needham, K.Sparck Jones, & B.Mayoh: Agricola incurvo terram dimovit aratro (Virgil “Georgic”) First stage translation into English with the aid of Roget’s Thesaurus. Report (ML84) ML93, November 1957. Reprinted with a new introduction by K.Sparck Jones. Cambridge: Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, April 1986; 14pp. [PDF, 58KB]

(1982) Stella G.Dextre: The BSI ROOT thesaurus: does it serve translators? Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.137-144. [PDF, 54KB]

(1982) Ian D.K.Kelly: The machine translation of open-ended answers. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 12, April 1982; pp.15-20. [PDF, 500KB]

(1977) G.Beling: The use of EDP in terminology work. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.101-121. [PDF, 154KB]

(1972) S.Perschke & H.Fangmeyer: Automatic thesaurus construction for information retrieval. Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre, Ispra Establishment, Italy: Annual Report 1972; pp.105-112. [PDF, 82KB]

Transformational-generative grammar

(1971) S.R.Petrick: Syntactic analysis for transformational grammars. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.324- 342. [PDF, 70KB]

(1971) S.R.Petrick: Syntactic analysis requirements of machine translation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.343-355. [PDF, 56KB]

Transliteration and transcription (see also Cyrillic coding and transliteration)

(1986) Masahiro Abe, Yoshimitsu Ooshima, Katsuhiko Yuura, & Nobuyuki Takeichi: A kana-kanji translation system for non-segmented input sentences based on syntactic and semantic analysis. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 280-285. [PDF, 556KB]

(1980) Hiroshi Makino & Makato Kizawa: An automatic translation system of non-segmented kana sentences into kanji-kana sentences. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 430-436. [PDF, 694KB]

Unification grammar

(1989) R.Johnson & M.Rosner: A rich environment for experimentation with unification grammars.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 182-189. [PDF, 551KB]

(1989) Margaret King: Using unification grammars for analysis and synthesis.  Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.364-371. [PDF, 37KB]

(1989) Masako Kume, Gayle K.Sato, & Kei Yoshimoto: A descriptive framework for translating speaker’s meaning – towards a dialogue translation systems between Japanese and English.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 264-271. [PDF, 658KB]

(1989) Rémi Zajac: A transfer model using a typed feature structure rewriting system with inheritance. 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-29 June 1989, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; pp.1-6. [PDF, 486KB]

(1988) John L. Beaven & Pete Whitelock: Machine translation using isomorphic UCGs. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.32-35. [PDF, 386KB]

(1988) Megumi Kameyama: Atomization in grammar sharing. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7-10 June 1988, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; pp.194-203. [PDF, 804KB]

(1988) Kiyoshi Kogure, Hitoshi Iida, Kei Yoshimoto, Hiroyuki Maeda, Masako Kume, & Susumu Kato: A method of analyzing Japanese speech act types. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 10pp. [PDF, 197KB]

(1988) Miyo Otani & Nathalie Simonin: Functional descriptions as a formalism for linguistic knowledge representation in a generation oriented approach. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 165KB]

(1988) Randall Sharp: CAT2 -- implementing a formalism for multi-lingual MT. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 203KB]

(1988) Masaru Tomita, Marion Kee, Hiroaki Saito, Teruko Mitamura, & Hideto Tomabechi: Towards a speech-to-speech translation system. Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 57-77. [PDF, 150 KB]

(1988) Masaru Tomita, Marion Kee, Hiroaki Saito, Teruko Mitamura, & Hideto Tomabechi: The universal parser compiler and its application to a speech translation system. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 19pp. [PDF, 259KB]

(1987) Peter Lau & Sergei Perschke: Morphology in the Eurotra base level concept. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 19-25. [PDF, 522KB]

(1987) Mary McGee Wood, Elaine Pollard, Heather Horsfall, Natsuko Holden, Brian Chandler, & Jeremy Carroll: Dictionary organization for machine translation: the experience and implications of the UMIST Japanese project.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 94-98. [PDF, 419KB]

(1986) Peter Hellwig: Programs for language analysis and inference (PLAIN): a workbench for machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.210-226. [PDF, 94KB]

(1986) Christian Rohrer: Linguistic bases for machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 353-355. [PDF, 319KB]

(1985) Michael C. McCord: LMT: a Prolog-based machine translation system. [extended abstract]  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 179-182. [PDF, 102KB]

(1984) Martin Kay: Functional unification grammar: a formalism for machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.75-78. [PDF, 402KB]

Unknown words

(1987) Ralph M. Weischedel & Lance A. Ramshaw: Reflections on the knowledge needed to process ill-formed language.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.155-167

(1985) Ralph M. Weischedel: Reflections on the knowledge needed to process ill-formed language.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 348-358. [PDF, 187KB]

(1984) Peter J.Wheeler: Changes and improvements to the European Commission’s Systran MT system 1976/84. Terminologie Bulletin 45; pp. 25-37. [PDF, 48KB]

(1984) Peter J.Wheeler: Changes and improvements to the European Commisssion’s Systran system 1976/84. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 12pp. [PDF, 48KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.69-82.]

(1982) Yig’al Yannai: Innovation and neologism in modern Hebrew. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp. 31-39. [PDF, 174KB]

Verbs and verb phrases

(1988) M.Meya & J.Vidal: An integrated model for the treatment of time in MT-systems. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.437-441. [PDF, 327KB]

(1987) Frank van Eynde: Iteration, habituality and verb form semantics. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 270-277. [PDF, 174KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo: A compositional approach to the translation of temporal expressions in the Rosetta system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 313-318. [PDF, 574KB]

(1984) Sho Yoshida: A consideration on the concepts structure and language – in relation to selections of translation equivalents of verbs in machine translation systems. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.167-169. [PDF, 206KB]

(1982) Bente Maegaard: The transfer of finite verb forms in a machine translation system. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 190-195. [PDF, 219KB]

(1971) Lauri Karttunen: The logic of English predicate complement constructions. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.119-155. [PDF, 98KB]

Written forms

(1986) Masahiro Abe, Yoshimitsu Ooshima, Katsuhiko Yuura, & Nobuyuki Takeichi: A kana-kanji translation system for non-segmented input sentences based on syntactic and semantic analysis. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 280-285. [PDF, 556KB]

(1984) John Clews: World scripts (background paper). Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.147-165. [PDF, 133KB]