Machine Translation Archive

Index to methods, techniques, processes

Publications 1970-1989

For other periods go to: Publications since 2010; publications 2005-2009; publications 2000-2004; publications 1990-1999; publications before 1970

 

Disambiguation (see also Word sense disambiguation)

 (1989) Winfield S. Bennett: The place of semantics in MT systems. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3),  pp.200-202. [PDF, 35KB]

(1989) Hiroaki Kitano, Hideto Tomabechi, & Lori Levin: Ambiguity resolution in the DmTrans Plus. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 72-79. [PDF, 739KB]

(1989) Victor Sadler: Working with analogical semantics: disambiguation techniques in DLT. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1989. 256pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 5). Contents

(1988) Danit Ben-Ari, Daniel M.Berry, & Mori Rimon: Translational ambiguity rephrased. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 9pp. [PDF, 143KB]

(1988) Izuru Nogaito & Hitoshi Iida: Noun phrase identification in dialogue and its application. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 138KB]

(1988) Keh-Yih Su & Jing-Shin Chang: Semantic and syntactic aspects of score function. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.642-644. [PDF, 350KB]

(1988) Mary McGee Wood & Brian J.Chandler: Machine translation for monolinguals. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.760-763. [PDF, 427KB]

(1988) Rémi Zajac: Interactive translation: a new approach. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.785-790. [PDF, 373KB]

(1987) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.302-316.

(1986) Károly Fábricz: Particle homonymy and machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 59-61. [PDF, 213KB]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Problems of machine translation systems: effect of cultural differences on sentence structure. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986);  pp.101-115. [PDF, 428KB]

(1986) B.C.Papegaaij, V.Sadler, & A.P.M.Witkam: Experiments with an MT-directed lexical knowledge bank. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 313-318. [PDF, 320KB]

(1986) J.Richard Ruffino & Peter F.Demauro: The impact of controlled English on machine translation. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.73-77. [PDF, 20KB]

(1986) Zaharin Yusoff: Strategies and heuristics in the analysis of a natural language in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 136-139. [PDF, 403KB]

(1985) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 167-178. [PDF, 176KB]

(1984) Lieven Jaspaert: About the treatment of ambiguity in machine translation. ITL Review 64; pp.1-21. [PDF, 343KB]

(1984) Vladimir Pericliev: Handling syntactical ambiguity in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.521-524. [PDF, 309KB]

(1984) Masaru Tomita: Disambiguating grammatically ambiguous sentences by asking. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.476-480. [PDF, 316KB]

 (1983) Peter Wheeler: The errant avocado. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 13, February 1983; 16pp.. [PDF, 287KB]

(1982) Klaus-Jürgen Engelberg: Proposals for a hierarchy of formal translation models. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 90-94. [PDF, 161KB]

(1979) G.C.Keil: The ambiguous task of machine translation. In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 149-158. [PDF, 50KB]

 (1978) Douglas Clarke: The resolution of ambiguities by computer. British Computer Society Natural Language Translation Specialist Group, Newsletter no 6, May 1978; p.4. [PDF]

(1977) P.P.Toma: SYSTRAN as a multilingual machine translation system. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.569-581. [PDF, 119KB]

(1977) J. Weissenborn: The role and form of analysis in machine translation: the automatic analysis of French at Saarbrücken. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.593-611. [PDF, 147KB]

(1973) Morris Salkoff: On using semantic data in automatic syntactic analysis. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.385-395. [PDF, 350KB]

(1973) Annette Stachowitz: Beyond the feasibility study: lexicographic progress.  Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 36); vol.1, pp.323-335. [PDF, 600KB]

(1973) Rolf A. Stachowitz: Beyond the feasibility study: syntax and semantics.  Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.837-848. [PDF, 144KB]

 (1971) Martin Kay: The MIND system. In: Randall Rustin (ed.) Natural language processing: Courant Computer Science Symposium 8, December 20-21, 1971 (New York: Algortithmics Press, 1973); pp.155-188. [PDF, 119KB]

Generation

(1989) Ulrich Heid & Sybille Raab: Collocations in multilingual generation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 130-136. [PDF, 507KB]

(1989) Eduard H. Hovy: The current status of the Penman language generation system.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Cape cod, Massachusetts, USA, October 15-18, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); p. 449. [PDF, 501KB]

(1989) William C. Mann & Eduard H. Hovy: The Penman language generation project.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, February 21-23, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); pp. 151-152. [PDF, 529KB]

(1989) Klaus Schubert: Dependency syntax for parsing and generation. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.7-15.

(1988) Richard Kittredge, Lidija Iordanskaja, & Alain Polguère: Multi-lingual text generation and the Meaning-Text Theory. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 196KB]

(1988) Sergei Nirenburg & Irene Nirenburg: A framework for lexical selection in natural language generation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.471-475. [PDF, 445KB]

(1988) Sergei Nirenburg, Rita McCardell, Eric Nyberg, Scott Huffman, Edward Kernschaft, & Irene Nirenburg: Lexical realization in natural language generation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 16pp. [PDF, 278KB]

(1988) Miyo Otani & Nathalie Simonin: Functional descriptions as a formalism for linguistic knowledge representation in a generation oriented approach. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 165KB]

(1988) Dietmar Rösner: The SEMSYN generation system: ingredients, applications, prospects. Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 25-32. [PDF, 538KB]

(1988) Dietmar Rösner: The SEMSYN generation system: ingredients, applications, prospects.  Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 33-44. [PDF, 49KB]

(1988) Dorine Tamis: The treatment of form determination for French in DLT.  Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 45-56. [PDF, 111KB]

(1987) David D. McDonald: Natural language generation: complexities and techniques.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.192-224.

(1987) James Pustejovsky & Sergei Nirenburg: Lexical selection in the process of language generation. 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 July 1987, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; pp.201-206. [PDF, 453KB]

(1986) Poul Andersen: Presentation of EUROTRA-DK’s ECS component. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.158-173. [PDF, 85KB]

(1986) Martin Emele, Walter Kehl, & Dietmar Rösner: Generating natural language from semantic representations – an AI approach to a Japanese/German machine translation project.. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.67-78. [PDF, 87KB]

(1986) K.Hanakata, A.Lesniewski, & S.Yokoyama: Semantic based generation of Japanese German translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 560-562. [PDF, 332KB]

(1986) R.Kittredge, A.Polguère, & E.Goldberg: Synthesizing weather forecasts from formatted data. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 563-565. [PDF, 312KB]

(1986) P.C.Rolf & J.Chauché: Machine translation and the SYGMART system. Computers and the Humanities 20 (1986); pp.283-288. [PDF, 252KB]

(1985) David D. McDonald: Recovering the speaker’s decisions during mechanical translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 183-199. [PDF, 173KB]

(1985) Makoto Nagao: Structural transformation in the generation stage of Mu Japanese to English machine translation system.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 200-223. [PDF, 332KB]

(1984) Giovanni Adorni & Lina Massone: Production of sentences: a general algorithm and a case study. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 14pp. [PDF, 59KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.255-266.]

(1984) Xiuming Huang: The generation of Chinese sentences from semantic representations of English sentences. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 11pp. [PDF, 47KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.143-155.]

(1984) J.Laubsch, D.Roesner, K.Hanakata, & A.Lesniewski: Language generation from conceptual structure: synthesis of German in a Japanese/German MT project. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.491-494. [PDF, 312KB]

(1984) Makoto Nagao, Toyoaki Nishida & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Dealing with incompleteness of linguistic knowledge in language translation – transfer and generation stage of Mu machine translation project. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.420-427. [PDF, 473KB]

(1984) A.V.Zubov: Machine translation viewed as generation of text with a pre-defined contents. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 36-38. [PDF, 44KB]

(1975) Wallace L. Chafe: Verbalization and translation by machine. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 10; 95pp. [PDF, 3964KB]

(1975) Yorick Wilks: An intelligent analyser and understander of English. Communications of the ACM, 18 (5), May 1975; pp.264-274. [PDF, 408KB]

(1973) Yorick Wilks & Annette Herskovits: An intelligent analyser and generator for natural language. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 36); vol.1, pp.741-768. [PDF, 117KB]

Lexical transfer

(1988) Igal Golan, Shalom Lappin, & Mori Rimon: An active bilingual lexicon for machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.205-211. [PDF, 678KB]

(1988) Sergei Nirenburg & Irene Nirenburg: A framework for lexical selection in natural language generation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.471-475. [PDF, 445KB]

(1988) Alan K. Melby: Lexical transfer: between a source rock and a hard target. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.411-413. [PDF, 271KB]

(1987) James Pustejovsky & Sergei Nirenburg: Lexical selection in the process of language generation. 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 July 1987, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; pp.201-206. [PDF, 453KB]

(1986) Alan K.Melby: Lexical transfer: a missing element in linguistics theories. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 104-106. [PDF, 544KB]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Idiosyncratic gap: a tough problem to structure-bound machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 107-111. [PDF, 476KB]

(1985) S.Traboulsi: Systran system. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.133-140. [PDF, 139KB]

 (1984) Ian M.Pigott: The difficulty of developing logical algorithms for the machine translation of natural language. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 12pp. [PDF, 42KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.83-95.]

 (1984) Peter J.Wheeler: Changes and improvements to the European Commisssion’s Systran system 1976/84. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 12pp. [PDF, 48KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.69-82.]

(1984) Sho Yoshida: A consideration on the concepts structure and language – in relation to selections of translation equivalents of verbs in machine translation systems. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.167-169. [PDF, 206KB]

(1976) J. Mathias: Chinese-English Translation Assistance group [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.26 [PDF, 36KB]

Morphological analysis (see also Tagging)

(1988) Roy J.Byrd & Evelyne Tzoukermann: Adapting an English morphological analyzer for French. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7-10 June 1988, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; pp.1-6. [PDF, 488KB]

(1988) Dorine Tamis: The treatment of form determination for French in DLT.  Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 45-56. [PDF, 111KB]

(1987) Peter Lau & Sergei Perschke: Morphology in the Eurotra base level concept. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 19-25. [PDF, 522KB]

(1987) Petr Strossa: “SPSS” – an algorithm and data structures design for a machine aided English-to-Czech translation system. Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 47, 1987; pp.25-36. [PDF, 284KB]

(1985) Jonathan Slocum & Anthony Aristar: The treatment of grammatical categories and word order in machine translation. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.155-183. [PDF, 173KB]

(1985) Eric Wehrli: Design and implementation of a lexical data base.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 73-78. [PDF, 684KB]

(1984) A.N.Kiselev: The utilisation of the structural type-based routines as a homograph resolution method in the AMPAR system. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 31-35. [PDF, 57KB]

(1984) G.Thurmair: Linguistic problems in multilingual morphological decomposition. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.174-177. [PDF, 377KB]

(1982) Zdeněk Kirschner: On a device in dictionary operations in machine translation. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 157-160. [PDF, 232KB]

 (1980) Makoto Nagao & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Some topics of language processing for machine translation. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 32-37. [PDF, 135KB]

(1973) Martin Kay: Morphological analysis. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.205-223. [PDF, 163KB]

Post-editing (see also Translation revision)

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: Cohesion and coherence in the presentation of machine translation products. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.89-105. [PDF, 159KB]

 (1989) Noriyuki Yamasaki: Translation assistance functions (pre-editing and post-editing). IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.60-62. [PDF, 39KB]

(1988) Fujio Nishida, Shinobu Takamatsu, Tadaaki Tani, & Tsunehisa Doi: Feedback of correcting information in postediting to a machine translation system. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.476-481. [PDF, 691KB]

 (1986) Andrew D.C.Evans: Systran – the translator’s viewpoint. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.17-23. [PDF, 57KB]

 (1986) Muriel Vasconcellos: Application of MT in an integrated environment: update on the Pan American Health Organization. American Translators Association Conference – 1986: Proceedings of the 27th annual conference of the American Translators Association, Cleveland, Ohio, October 16-19, 1986, ed. Karl Kummer (Medford, NJ: Learned Information, Inc., 1986); pp.129-133. [PDF, 2954KB]

(1986) Muriel Vasconcellos: Post-editing on-screen: machine translation from Spanish into English.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.133-146. [PDF, 93KB]

 (1986) Summary record of the workshop on post-editing. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.181-182. [PDF, 12KB]

 (1986) Summary record of the workshop on word processing. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.183-185. [PDF, 14KB]

(1985) Jonathan Slocum, Winfield S. Bennett, Lesley Whiffin, & Edda Norcross: An evaluation of METAL: the LRC machine translation system.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 62-69. [PDF, 812KB]

(1985) E.Wagner: Post-editing Systran – a challenge for Commission translators. Terminologie et Traduction, 3, 1985; pp.1-7. [PDF, 31KB]

(1984) Anne-Marie Laurian: Machine translation: what type of post-editing on what type of documents for what type of users. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.236-238. [PDF, 216KB]

(1984) Alan K.Melby: Machine translation with post editing versus a three-level integrated translator aid system. Terminologie Bulletin 45; pp. 47-55. [PDF,

(1983) Alan K. Melby: Computer-assisted translation systems: the standard design and a multi-step design. First conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California, USA; pp. 174-177 [PDF, 267KB]

(1983) Klaus E.Tschira: Looking back at a year of German-English MT with Logos. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.215-235 [PDF, 200KB]

(1983) Elizabeth Wagner: Rapid post-editing of Systran. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.199-213 [PDF, 98KB]

(1982) Ch.Boitet, P.Guillaume, & M.Quezel-Ambrunaz: Implementation and conversational environment of ARIANE 78.4: an integrated system for automated translation and human revision. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 19-27. [PDF, 434KB]

(1981) J. Albert Bachrach: Introductory remarks [to Session 3: The posteditors’ experience.] Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 99-100. [PDF, 11KB]

(1981) Roy Green: The MT errors which cause most trouble to posteditors. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 101-104. [PDF, 15KB]

(1981) W. John Hutchins: Discussion on Session 4: Speculation: The limits of innovation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 187-188. [PDF, 10KB]

(1981) Barbara Kostrewski & Peter Taylor: Discussion on Session 3: The posteditors’ experience.  Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); [part 1] pp. 111-112. [PDF, 12KB]; [part 2] p.127 [PDF, 8KB]; [part 3] pp.135-136 [PDF, 10KB]

(1981) Bernard Lavorel: Experience in English-French post-editing. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 105-109. [PDF, 19KB]

(1981) Françoise Moore: Discussion on Session 2: Aspects of editing. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 95-96. [PDF, 11KB]

(1981) Ian M. Pigott: The importance of feedback from translators in the development of high-quality machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 61-73. [PDF, 301KB]

(1981) Francesco Rossi: The impact of posteditors’ feedback on the quality of MT. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 113-117. [PDF, 27KB]

(1981) J.C.Sager: Types of translation and text forms in the environment of machine translation (MT). Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 11-19. [PDF, 47KB]

(1981) Stanley P. Sereda: Practical experience of machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 119-127. [PDF, 78KB]

Pre-editing (see also Controlled languages)

(1989) Hiroyuki Kaji: Language control for effective utilization of HICATS/JE. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 72-77 [PDF, 91KB]

(1989) Noriyuki Yamasaki: Translation assistance functions (pre-editing and post-editing). IFTT’89: Harmonizing human beings and computers in translation. International Forum for Translation Technology, April 26-28, 1989, Oiso Prince Hotel. (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association.); pp.60-62. [PDF, 39KB]

(1988) P.J.Pym: Pre-editing and the use of simplified writing for MT: an engineer’s experience of operating an MT system.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.80-96. [PDF, 146KB]

(1987) Jeffrey S.Mann: Get Smart! Industrial strength language processing from Smart Communications.  Language Technology 3, September-October 1987; pp.12-15. [PDF, 1411KB]

(1986) Summary record of the workshop on post-editing. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.181-182. [PDF, 12KB]

(1981) Stanley P. Sereda: Practical experience of machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 119-127. [PDF, 78KB]

(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh & Luan Kong: An interactive on-line machine translation system (Chinese into English). Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 135-148. [PDF, 176KB]

(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh, Luan Kong, & Hing-Sum Hung: Machine translation of Chinese mathematical articles. ALLC Bulletin, vol.6, 1978; pp. 111-120. [PDF, 107KB]

(1978) P.H.Nancarrow: The Chinese University Language Translator (CULT) – a report. ALLC Bulletin, vol.6, 1978; p. 121. [PDF, 40KB]

(1976) Shiu-Chang Loh: CULT, Chinese University Language Translator [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.46-50 [PDF, 165KB]

Reusability

(1988) Roy J.Byrd & Evelyne Tzoukermann: Adapting an English morphological analyzer for French. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7-10 June 1988, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; pp.1-6. [PDF, 488KB]

(1988) Megumi Kameyama: Atomization in grammar sharing. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7-10 June 1988, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; pp.194-203. [PDF, 804KB]

Reversibility

(1989) Pierre Isabelle: Towards reversible MT systems. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 67-68 [PDF, 108KB]

(1989) Margaret King: Using unification grammars for analysis and synthesis.  Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.364-371. [PDF, 37KB]

 (1989)  Jan Landsbergen, Jan Odijk, & André Schenk: The power of compositional translation. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3), pp.191-199. [PDF, 354KB]

(1989) Jan Odijk: The organization of the Rosetta grammars. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 80-86. [PDF, 667KB]

(1989) Rémi Zajac: A transfer model using a typed feature structure rewriting system with inheritance. 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-29 June 1989, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; pp.1-6. [PDF, 486KB]

(1988) John L. Beaven & Pete Whitelock: Machine translation using isomorphic UCGs. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.32-35. [PDF, 386KB]

(1988) Marc Dymetman & Pierre Isabelle: Reversible logic grammars for machine translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 16pp. [PDF, 201KB]

(1988) Pierre Isabelle, Marc Dymetman, & Elliott Macklovitch: CRITTER: a translation system for agricultural market reports. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.261-266. [PDF, 95KB]

(1987) Lisette Appelo, Carel Fellinger, & Jan Landsbergen: Subgrammars, rule classes and control in the Rosetta translation system.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 118-133. [PDF, 1161KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo: A compositional approach to the translation of temporal expressions in the Rosetta system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 313-318. [PDF, 574KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo & Jan Landsbergen: The machine translation project Rosetta. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.36-50. [PDF, 114KB]

(1986) André Schenk: Idioms in the Rosetta machine translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 319-324. [PDF, 542KB]

(1984) Martin Kay: Functional unification grammar: a formalism for machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.75-78. [PDF, 402KB]

 (1984) Jan Landsbergen: Isomorphic grammars and their use in the Rosetta translation system.  In: Margaret King (ed.) Machine translation today: the state of the art. Proceedings of the Third Lugano Tutorial, Lugano, Switzerland, 2-7 April 1984 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1987); pp. 351-372.

(1982) Jan Landsbergen: Machine translation based on logically isomorphic Montague grammars. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 175-181. [PDF, 356KB]

(1975) Martin Kay: Syntactic processing and functional sentence perspective. Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing: an interdisciplinary workshop… 10-13 June 1975, Cambridge, Massachusetts; pp.12-15. [PDF, 856KB]

Semantic analysis and representation (see also Disambiguation)

(1989) Hiyan Alshawi & Jan van Eijck: Logical forms in the core language engine. 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-29 June 1989, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; pp.25-32. [PDF, 616KB]

(1989) John A.Bateman, Robert T.Kasper, Jörg F.L.Schütz, & Eric H.Steiner: A new view on the process of translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 282-290. [PDF, 667KB]

 (1989) Winfield S. Bennett: The place of semantics in MT systems. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3),  pp.200-202. [PDF, 35KB]

(1989) Christian Boitet: Representation and computation of units of translation for machine interpretation of spoken texts. Computers and Artificial Intelligence 8 (6); pp.505-545. [PDF, 1065KB]

(1989) Jaime G. Carbonell: Interlingua – technical prospect of interlingua. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 30-31. [PDF, 98KB]

(1989) Shun Ishizaki: Machine translation using contextual information. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 25 [PDF, 82KB] [Rewritten version of paper given at MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]

(1989) R.Johnson & M.Rosner: A rich environment for experimentation with unification grammars.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 182-189. [PDF, 551KB]

(1989) C.J.Rupp: Situation semantics and machine translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 308-318. [PDF, 896KB]

(1989) Victor Sadler: The bilingual knowledge bank: a new conceptual basis for MT. [Utrecht]: Buroo voor Systeemontwikkeling, March 1989; var.pp. [PDF, 979KB]

(1989) Victor Sadler: Translating with a simulated bilingual knowledge bank (BKB). [Utrecht]: Buroo vor Systeemontwikkeling, April 1989; 15pp. [PDF, 399KB]

(1989) Victor Sadler: Working with analogical semantics: disambiguation techniques in DLT. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1989. 256pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 5). Contents

(1989) Masaru Tomita & Jaime G.Carbonell: CMU project. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 72-82. [PDF, 221KB]

(1989) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS II: a machine translation system using conceptual structure as an interlingua. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 93-100 [PDF, 177KB] [Rewritten version of paper given at MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]

(1989) Hiroshi Uchida & Takahiro Kakizaki: Electronic dictionary project. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 83-86. [PDF, 156KB] 

(1989) Rémi Zajac: A transfer model using a typed feature structure rewriting system with inheritance. 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-29 June 1989, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; pp.1-6. [PDF, 486KB]

(1989) Michael Zarechnak: Semantic subclasses of temporal nouns.  Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.295-303. [PDF, 59KB]

(1988) Ch.Boitet & Y.Zaharin: Representation trees and string-tree correspondences. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.59-64. [PDF, 240KB]

(1988) Chen Zhaoxiang & Gao Qingshi: English-Chinese machine translation system IMT/EC. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.117-122. [PDF, 573KB]

(1988) Rudi Gebruers: Valency and MT: recent developments in the METAL system. Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 168-175. [PDF, 656KB]

(1988) Igal Golan, Shalom Lappin, & Mori Rimon: An active bilingual lexicon for machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.205-211. [PDF, 678KB]

(1988) Christa Hauenschild: Discourse structure - some implications for machine translation. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.145-156.

(1988) Pierre Isabelle, Marc Dymetman, & Elliott Macklovitch: CRITTER: a translation system for agricultural market reports. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.261-266. [PDF, 95KB]

(1988) M.Meya & J.Vidal: An integrated model for the treatment of time in MT-systems. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.437-441. [PDF, 327KB]

(1988) Sergei Nirenburg & Irene Nirenburg: A framework for lexical selection in natural language generation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.471-475. [PDF, 445KB]

(1988) Hirosato Nomura: Meaning understanding in machine translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 10pp. [PDF, 138KB]

(1988) Dietmar Rösner: The SEMSYN generation system: ingredients, applications, prospects. Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 25-32. [PDF, 538KB]

(1988) Dietmar Rösner: The SEMSYN generation system: ingredients, applications, prospects.  Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 33-44. [PDF, 49KB]

(1988) Klaus Schubert: Implicitness as a guiding principle in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.599-601. [PDF, 135KB]

(1988) Erich H.Steiner & Jutta Winter-Thielen: On the semantics of focus phenomena in Eurotra. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.630-635. [PDF, 466KB]

(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii & Makoto Nagao: Dialogue translation vs. text translation – interpretation based approach. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.688-693. [PDF, 483KB]

(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii: What is a cross-linguistically valid interpretation of discourse? In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.157-166.

(1988) Frank van Eynde: The analysis of tense and aspect in Eurotra. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.699-704. [PDF, 517KB]

(1988) Yorick Wilks: Themes in the work of Margaret Masterman.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.148-160. [PDF, 64KB]

(1988) Michael Zarechnak: Complex procedures for MT quality. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 106KB]

(1988) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: Universal quantification in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.791-795. [PDF, 479KB]

(1987) Richard E. Cullingford & Boyan A. Onyshkevych: An experiment in lexicon-driven machine translation.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.278-301.

(1987) Shun Ishizaki: Machine translation using contextual information.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 53-54 [PDF, 100KB] [Revised version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 25]

(1987) Hiroyuki Kaji: HICATS/JE: a Japanese-to-English machine translation system based on semantics.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 55-60 [PDF, 122KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 101-106]

(1987) Peter Lau: Eurotra: past, present and future. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.186-191. [PDF, 31KB]

(1987) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.302-316.

(1987) Kiyoshi Kogure & Hirosato Nomura: Computer environment for meaning structure representation and manipulation in machine translation system. Presentation at International Conference on Information and Knowledge, November 1987, Yokohama; 12pp. [PDF, 513KB]

(1987) Dominique Petitpierre, Stevn Krauwer, Doug Arnold, & Giovanni B.Varile: A model for preference.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 134-139. [PDF, 526KB]

 (1987) Ian M.Pigott: Systran machine translation processing as an example of natural language understanding. Terminologie et Traduction, 3.1987; pp.21-31. [PDF, 36KB]

(1987) Harold Somers: Some thoughts on interface structure(s). In Wolfram Wilss & Klaus-Dirk Schmitz (eds.) Maschinelle Übersetzung – Methoden und Werkzeuge: Akten des 3.Internationalen Kolloquiums des Sonderforschungsbereichs 100 “Elektronische Sprachforschung”, Saarbrücken, 1.-3.September 1986 (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1987); pp. 81-99. [PDF, 127KB]

(1987) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS: Fujitsu machine translation system.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 129-134 [PDF, 94KB] [Revised version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 93-100]

(1987) Frank van Eynde: Iteration, habituality and verb form semantics. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 270-277. [PDF, 174KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo & Jan Landsbergen: The machine translation project Rosetta. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.36-50. [PDF, 114KB]

(1986) Martin Emele, Walter Kehl, & Dietmar Rösner: Generating natural language from semantic representations – an AI approach to a Japanese/German machine translation project.. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.67-78. [PDF, 87KB]

(1986) K.Hanakata, A.Lesniewski, & S.Yokoyama: Semantic based generation of Japanese German translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 560-562. [PDF, 332KB]

(1986) Peter Hellwig: Programs for language analysis and inference (PLAIN): a workbench for machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.210-226. [PDF, 94KB]

 (1986) Jeanne Homer: Improving machine translation quality or eliminating the “invisible idiot”. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.118-127. [PDF, 37KB]

(1986) Xiuming Huang & Louise Guthrie: Parsing in parallel. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 140-145. [PDF, 577KB]

(1986) Sergei Nirenburg & Victor Raskin: A metric for computational analysis of meaning: toward an applied theory of linguistic semantics. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 338-340. [PDF, 391KB]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Idiosyncratic gap: a tough problem to structure-bound machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 107-111. [PDF, 476KB]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Problems of machine translation systems: effect of cultural differences on sentence structure. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986);  pp.101-115. [PDF, 428KB]

(1986) Hirosato Nomura, Shozo Naito, Yasuhiro Katagiri, & Akira Shimazu: Translation by understanding: a machine translation system LUTE. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 621-626. [PDF, 711KB]

(1986) B.C.Papegaaij: Word expert semantics: an interlingual knowledge-based approach; ed. V.Sadler and A.P.M.Witkam. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1986.ix,254pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 1). Contents.

(1986) Dietmar Rösner: When Mariko talks to Siegfried: experiences from a Japanese/German machine translation project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 652-654. [PDF, 262KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Tetsuya Ishikawa, & Masyuki Satoh: Concept and structure of semantic markers for machine translation in Mu project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 13-19. [PDF, 642KB]

(1986) Erich Steiner: Generating semantic structures in Eurotra-D. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 304-306. [PDF, 180KB]

(1986) Allen B.Tucker, Sergei Nirenburg, & Victor Raskin: Discourse and cohesion in expository text. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 181-183. [PDF, 323KB]

(1986) Hiroshi Uchida: Fujitsu machine translation system: ATLAS. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986); pp. 95-100. [PDF,  184KB]

(1986) Zaharin Yusoff: Strategies and heuristics in the analysis of a natural language in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 136-139. [PDF, 403KB]

(1986) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: An empirically based approach towards a system of semantic features. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 7-12. [PDF, 617KB]

(1985) Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Louis des Tombe, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A mu1 view of the <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 1-14. [PDF, 202KB]

(1985) R.E.Cullingford & B.A.Onyshkevych: Lexicon-driven machine translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 75-115. [PDF, 287KB]

(1985) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 167-178. [PDF, 176KB]

(1985) Kazunori Muraki, Shunji Ichiyama, & Yasutomo Fukumochi: Augmented dependency grammar: a simple interface between the grammar rule and the knowledge.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 198-204. [PDF, 450KB]

(1985) Frank van Eynde, Louis des Tombe, & Fons Maes: The specification of time meaning for machine translation. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 35-40. [PDF, 386KB]

 (1984) Xiuming Huang: The generation of Chinese sentences from semantic representations of English sentences. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 11pp. [PDF, 47KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.143-155.]

(1984) Hitoshi Iida, Kentaro Ogura, & Hirosato Nomura: A case analysis method cooperating with ATNG and its application to machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.154-158. [PDF, 433KB]

(1984) Zdeněk Kirschner: On a dependency analysis of English for automatic translation. Contributions to functional syntax, semantics, and language comprehension, ed.Petr Sgall (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1984); pp.335-358. [PDF, 123KB]

(1984) J.Laubsch, D.Roesner, K.Hanakata, & A.Lesniewski: Language generation from conceptual structure: synthesis of German in a Japanese/German MT project. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.491-494. [PDF, 312KB]

 (1984) Raphael Mankin: How to boldly split infinitives. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 9pp. [PDF, 36KB]  [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.269-277.]

(1984) Yoshihiko Nitta, Atsushi Okajima, Hiroyuki Kaji, Youichi Hidano, & Koichiro Ishihara: A proper treatment of syntax and semantics in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.159-166. [PDF, 556KB]

(1984) Jun-ichi Tsujii, Jun-ichi Nakamura, & Makoto Nagao: Analysis grammar of Japanese in the Mu-project – a procedural approach to analysis grammar. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.267-274. [PDF, 535KB]

(1984) Sho Yoshida: A consideration on the concepts structure and language – in relation to selections of translation equivalents of verbs in machine translation systems. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.167-169. [PDF, 206KB]

(1984) A.V.Zubov: Machine translation viewed as generation of text with a pre-defined contents. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 36-38. [PDF, 44KB]

(1983) Ralph E.Hawes: Logos: the intelligent translation system. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.131-139 [PDF, 34KB]

(1983) Toyoaki Nishida & Shuji Doshita: An application of Montague grammar to English-Japanese machine translation.  First conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California, USA; pp. 156-165 [PDF, 618KB]

(1982) N.N.Leont’eva: Automatic translation through understanding and summarizing. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 178-181. [PDF, 130KB]

(1982) Toyo-aki Nishida & Shuji Doshita: An English-Japanese machine translation system based on formal semantics of natural language. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 277-282. [PDF, 292KB]

(1982) Jun-ichi Tsujii: The transfer phase in an English-Japanese translation system. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 383-390. [PDF, 462KB]

(1981) Margaret King: Semantics and artificial intelligence in machine translation. Sprache und Datenverarbeitung, 5 (1/2), 5-8. [PDF, 99KB]

(1981) Francis E. Knowles: The pivotal role of the various dictionaries in an MT system. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 149-162. [PDF, 88KB]

 (1981) Igor A.Mel’čuk: Meaning-text models: a recent trend in Soviet linguistics. Annual Review of Anthropology 10 (1981); pp.27-62. [PDF, 768KB]

(1980) Ch.Boitet, P.Chatelin, & P.Daun Fraga: Present and future paradigms in the automatized translation of natural languages. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 430-436. [PDF, 648KB]

(1980) Toyo-aki Nishida & Shuji Doshita: Hierarchical meaning representation and analysis of natural language documents. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 85-92. [PDF, 635KB]

 (1980) Yuri N.Marchuk: Syntactico-semantic analysis in the AMPAR machine translation system. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 15-17. [PDF, 136KB]

 (1980) Jarmila Panevova & Petr Sgall: Automatic syntactical analysis of the Czech language. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 24-26. [PDF, 133KB]

 (1980) Michael Zarechnak: Outline of semantic research for future MT development. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 12-14. [PDF, 132KB]

(1980) Z.M.Shalyapina: Problems of formal representation of text structure from the point of view of automatic translation. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 174-182. [PDF, 1076KB]

(1980) Jonathan Slocum: An experiment in machine translation. 18th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 19-22 June 1980, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.163-164. [PDF, 191KB]

(1980) Hiroshi Uchida & Kenji Sugiyama: A machine translation system from Japanese into English based on conceptual structure. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 455-462. [PDF, 509KB]

 (1979) Ian M.Pigott: Theoretical options and practical limitations of using semantics to solve problems of natural language analysis and machine translation. In: The analysis of meaning: Informatics 5. Proceedings of a conference held by the Aslib Informatics Group and the BCS Information Retrieval Specialist Group, 26-28 March 1979, The Queen’s College, Oxford, ed.Maxine MacCafferty and Kathleen Gray. (Aslib: 1979); pp.239-269. [PDF, 219KB]

(1978) Yorick Wilks: Machine translation and artificial intelligence. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 27-43. [PDF, 199KB]

(1977) Yu.S.Martem’janov: Eliminating formal constraints of language. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.625-627. [PDF, 90KB]

(1977) J. Weissenborn: The role and form of analysis in machine translation: the automatic analysis of French at Saarbrücken. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.593-611. [PDF, 147KB]

(1976) Raymond D.Gumb: [review of] Essays on lexical semantics, vol.1 [ed.] V.Ju.Rozencvejg. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 51 (The Finite String 13 (6) September 1976); pp.68-76. [PDF, 105KB]

(1976) Makoto Nagao & Jun-Ichi Tsujii: Analysis of Japanese sentences by using semantic and contextual information. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 41; 75pp. [PDF, 3775KB]

(1976) Robert F. Simmons: Formal representation [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.70-71 [PDF, 3691KB]

(1976) Yorick Wilks: Semantics and world knowledge in MT [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.67-69 [PDF, 102KB]

(1975) Wallace L. Chafe: Verbalization and translation by machine. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 10; 95pp. [PDF, 3964KB]

(1975) Eldon G. Lytel, Dennis Packard, Daryl Gibb, Alan K.Melby, & Floyd H.Billings, Jr.:  Junction grammar as a base for natural language processing. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 26; 74pp. [PDF, 2259KB]

 (1975) Yorick Wilks: An intelligent analyser and understander of English. Communications of the ACM, 18 (5), May 1975; pp.264-274. [PDF, 408KB]

(1973) Martin Kay: Automatic translation of natural languages. Daedalus 102; pp.217-230. [note]

(1973) Yorick Wilks & Annette Herskovits: An intelligent analyser and generator for natural language. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 36); vol.1, pp.741-768. [PDF, 117KB]

(1973) Alan K. Melby: Junction grammar and machine assisted translation. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.785-824. [PDF, 356KB]

(1973) R.G.Piotrowski & I.V.Palibina: Automatic pattern recognition applied to semantic problems. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari. vol.2 (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 36); pp.103-106. [PDF, 194KB]

(1973) Morris Salkoff: On using semantic data in automatic syntactic analysis. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.385-395. [PDF, 350KB]

(1973) Rolf A. Stachowitz: Beyond the feasibility study: syntax and semantics.  Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.837-848. [PDF, 144KB]

(1973) Yorick Wilks: The Stanford machine translation project. In: R.Rustin (ed.) Natural language processing (New York: Algorithmics Press), pp.243-290. Repr. in: Khurshid Ahmad, Christopher Brewster, & Mark Stevenson (eds.) Words and intelligence I: selected papers by Yorick Wilks (Dordrecht: Springer); pp.29-59.

(1972) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Problems of linguistic semantics from the standpoint of the philosophy and methodology of language. In: Semantics and communication: proceedings of the 3rd Colloquium of the Institute for Communications Research and Phonetics, University of Bonn, February 17-19 1972, ed. Carl H.Heidrich (New York: North-Holland Publishing Co., 1974); pp.4-11. [PDF, 120KB]

(1971) John Lyons: The feasibility of high quality machine translation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.156-162. [PDF, 25KB]

(1971) Eugene D.Pendergraft: Meaning revisited. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.188-323. [PDF, 338KB]

(1971) S.R.Petrick: Syntactic analysis requirements of machine translation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.343-355. [PDF, 56KB]

(1971) Annette Stachowitz: Analysis of Es liegt eine grosse Anzahl von Elementen vor. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.356-366. [PDF, 160KB]

 (1971) Rolf Stachowitz: Lexical features in translation and paraphrasing: an experiment. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.367-408. [PDF, 553KB]

(1971) Rolf Stachowitz: Requirements for machine translation: problems, solutions, prospects. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.409-532. [PDF, 2020KB]

Speech recognition

(1989) Henry Thompson: Speech recognition, artificial intelligence and translation: how rosy a future?  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.113-117. [PDF, 36KB]

(1988) Masaru Tomita, Marion Kee, Hiroaki Saito, Teruko Mitamura, & Hideto Tomabechi: Towards a speech-to-speech translation system. Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 57-77. [PDF, 150 KB]

 (1987) IBM announces voice recognition breakthrough. Language Technology 1, May-June 1987; p.7. [PDF, 676KB]

(1984) Raj Gunawardana: Automatic speech recognition: fact or fantasy? Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.167-177. [PDF, 91KB]

Syntactic analysis and representation

(1989) Klaus Schubert: Dependency syntax for parsing and generation. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.7-15.

(1988) Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louis des Tombe, & Louisa Sadler: ‘Relaxed’ compositionality in machine translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 21pp. [PDF, 105KB]

(1988) Ch.Boitet & Y.Zaharin: Representation trees and string-tree correspondences. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.59-64. [PDF, 240KB]

(1988) Harri Jäppinen, Eero Lassila & Aarno Lehtola: Locally governed trees and dependency parsing. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.275-277. [PDF, 365KB]

(1988) Hiroyasu Nogami, Yumiko Yoshimura, & Shia-ya Amano: Parsing with look-ahead in real-time on-line translation system. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.488-493. [PDF, 480KB]

(1988) Keh-Yih Su & Jing-Shin Chang: Semantic and syntactic aspects of score function. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.642-644. [PDF, 350KB]

(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii, Yukiyoshi Muto, Yuuji Ikeda, & Makoto Nagao: How to get preferred readings in natural language analysis. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.683-687. [PDF, 259KB]

(1987) Gerald Gazdar: COMIT ==>* PATR II. TINLAP-3: Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing 3: New Mexico State University, 7-9 January 1987. Position papers; pp.39-41. [PDF, 630KB]

(1987) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.302-316.

 (1987) Ian M.Pigott: Systran machine translation processing as an example of natural language understanding. Terminologie et Traduction, 3.1987; pp.21-31. [PDF, 36KB]

(1987) Klaus Schubert: Metataxis: contrastive dependency syntax for machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1987. 250pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 2) [PDF, 7634KB]

(1986) Masahiro Abe, Yoshimitsu Ooshima, Katsuhiko Yuura, & Nobuyuki Takeichi: A kana-kanji translation system for non-segmented input sentences based on syntactic and semantic analysis. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 280-285. [PDF, 556KB]

(1986) Poul Andersen: Presentation of EUROTRA-DK’s ECS component. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.158-173. [PDF, 85KB]

(1986) Kenneth R.Beesley & David Hefner: PeriPhrase: lingware for parsing and structural transfer. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 390-392. [PDF, 335KB]

(1986) Xiuming Huang & Louise Guthrie: Parsing in parallel. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 140-145. [PDF, 577KB]

 (1986) H.Jäppinen, A.Lehtola, & K.Vaikonen: Functional structures for parsing dependency constraints. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 461-463. [PDF, 267KB]

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt & Manfred Thiel: Controlled active procedures as a tool for linguistic engineering. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 464-469. [PDF, 543KB]

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt: A CAP parser generator for German. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.244-266. [PDF, 87KB]

(1986) Jun-ichi Nakamura, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Makoto Nagao: Solutions for problems of MT parser: methods used in Mu-machine translation project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 133-135. [PDF, 293KB]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Idiosyncratic gap: a tough problem to structure-bound machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 107-111. [PDF, 476KB]

 (1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Problems of machine translation systems: effect of cultural differences on sentence structure. Future Generations Computer Systems 2 (1986);  pp.101-115. [PDF, 428KB]

 (1986) Zaharin Yusoff: Strategies and heuristics in the analysis of a natural language in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 136-139. [PDF, 403KB]

(1985) Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Louis des Tombe, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A mu1 view of the <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 1-14. [PDF, 202KB]

 (1985) Wilson B.Bishai: Linguistic problems in computer aided translation from English to Arabic. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.187-192. [PDF, 147KB]

(1985) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 167-178. [PDF, 176KB]

(1984) Paul L.Garvin: Grammar in the light of machine translation. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 28-30. [PDF, 93KB]

 (1984) J.Hutchins: Methods of linguistic analysis in machine translation. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 31pp. [PDF, 237KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.3-35. ]

(1984) Hitoshi Iida, Kentaro Ogura, & Hirosato Nomura: A case analysis method cooperating with ATNG and its application to machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.154-158. [PDF, 433KB]

(1984) Yoshihiko Nitta, Atsushi Okajima, Hiroyuki Kaji, Youichi Hidano, & Koichiro Ishihara: A proper treatment of syntax and semantics in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.159-166. [PDF, 556KB]

(1984) Vladimir Pericliev: Handling syntactical ambiguity in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.521-524. [PDF, 309KB]

(1984) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Masayuki Satoh, & Tetsuya Ishikawa: Lexicon features for Japanese syntactic analysis in Mu-project-JE. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.42-47. [PDF, 461KB]

(1984) Masaru Tomita: Disambiguating grammatically ambiguous sentences by asking. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.476-480. [PDF, 316KB]

(1984) Jun-ichi Tsujii, Jun-ichi Nakamura, & Makoto Nagao: Analysis grammar of Japanese in the Mu-project – a procedural approach to analysis grammar. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.267-274. [PDF, 535KB]

(1982) Makoto Nagao & Jun-ichi Nakamura: A parser which learns the application order of rewriting rules. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 253-258. [PDF, 362KB]

(1982) Yoshihiko Nitta, Atsushi Okajima, Fumiyuki Yamano, & Koichiro Ishihara: A heuristic approach to English-into-Japanese machine translation. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 283-288. [PDF, 305KB]

 (1981) Jan Landsbergen: Adaptation of Montague grammar to the requirements of parsing. In: J.A.G.Groenendijk, T.M.V.Janssen, M.B.J.Stokhof (eds.) Formal methods in the study of language (MC Tract 136) Amsterdam Mathematical Centre, 1981; pp.399-419. [PDF, 352KB]

(1981) Jonathan Slocum: A practical comparison of parsing strategies. 19th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: proceedings of the conference, 29 June – 1 July 1981, Stanford University, Stanford, California; pp.1-6. [PDF, 705KB]

 (1980) Paul L.Garvin: The fulcrum approach – twelve years later. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 27-29. [PDF, 40KB]

 (1980) Yuri N.Marchuk: Syntactico-semantic analysis in the AMPAR machine translation system. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 15-17. [PDF, 136KB]

 (1980) Jarmila Panevova & Petr Sgall: Automatic syntactical analysis of the Czech language. International Forum on Information and Documentation  5 (2), 1980; 24-26. [PDF, 133KB]

(1977) V.A.Moscovoj: On the elimination of formal word order in the German sentence.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.628-630. [PDF, 89KB]

(1977) J. Weissenborn: The role and form of analysis in machine translation: the automatic analysis of French at Saarbrücken. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.593-611. [PDF, 147KB]

(1976) Makoto Nagao & Jun-Ichi Tsujii: Analysis of Japanese sentences by using semantic and contextual information. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 41; 75pp. [PDF, 3775KB]

(1975) Wallace L. Chafe: Verbalization and translation by machine. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 10; 95pp. [PDF, 3964KB]

(1975) J. Chauche: The ATEF and CETA systems. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 17; pp. 21-40. [PDF, 3453KB]

(1975) Martin Kay: Syntactic processing and functional sentence perspective. Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing: an interdisciplinary workshop… 10-13 June 1975, Cambridge, Massachusetts; pp.12-15. [PDF, 856KB]

(1973) Martin Kay: Automatic translation of natural languages. Daedalus 102; pp.217-230. [note]

(1973) Morris Salkoff: On using semantic data in automatic syntactic analysis. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.385-395. [PDF, 350KB]

(1971) John Lyons: The feasibility of high quality machine translation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.156-162. [PDF, 25KB]

(1971) S.R.Petrick: Syntactic analysis for transformational grammars. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.324- 342. [PDF, 70KB]

(1971) S.R.Petrick: Syntactic analysis requirements of machine translation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.343-355. [PDF, 56KB]

(1971) Annette Stachowitz: Analysis of Es liegt eine grosse Anzahl von Elementen vor. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.356-366. [PDF, 160KB]

(1970) K.H.V.Booth: Statistical parsing by computer. Pensiero e Linguaggio  1, pp.107-110. [PDF, 81KB]

Syntactic transfer

(1989) Ronald M.Kaplan, Klaus Netter, Jürgen Wedekind, & Annie Zaenen: Translation by structural correspondences. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 272-281. [PDF, 845KB]

(1989) Dan Maxwell: English-Esperanto metataxis. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.267-297.

(1989) Jan Odijk: The organization of the Rosetta grammars. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 80-86. [PDF, 667KB]

(1989) Klaus Schubert: The theory and practice of metataxis. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.233-245.

(1989) Dorine Tamis: Esperanto-French metataxis. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.247-266.

(1989) Gertjan van Noord, Joke Dorrepaal, Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louisa Sadler, & Louis des Tombe: An approach to sentence-level anaphora in machine translation.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 780KB]

(1989) Job M. van Zuijlen: Aspects of metataxis formalization. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.299-320.

(1988) Elly van Munster: The treatment of scope and negation in Rosetta. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.442-447. [PDF, 615KB]

(1988) Klaus Schubert: Implicitness as a guiding principle in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.599-601. [PDF, 135KB]

(1987) Makoto Nagao: Role of structural transformation in a machine translation system.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.262-277.

(1987) Klaus Schubert: Metataxis: contrastive dependency syntax for machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1987. 250pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 2) [PDF, 7634KB]

(1986) Kenneth R.Beesley & David Hefner: PeriPhrase: lingware for parsing and structural transfer. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 390-392. [PDF, 335KB]

(1986) Hee Sung Chung & Tosiyasu L. Kunji: NARA: a two-way simultaneous interpretation system between Korean and Japanese – a methodological study. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 325-328. [PDF, 395KB]

(1986) Pierre Isabelle & Elliott Macklovitch: Transfer and MT modularity. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 115-117. [PDF, 239KB]

(1986) Tae Wan Kim, Jin Tae Lee, Chang Ho Park, & Ki Sik Lee: Machine translation of the Ural-Altaic as an agglutinative language - On the Korean to Japanese translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.148-157. [PDF, 154KB]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Idiosyncratic gap: a tough problem to structure-bound machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 107-111. [PDF, 476KB]

(1986) Hirosato Nomura & Hitoshi Iida: English-Japanese interactive machine translation system LUTE – AID. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.131-145. [PDF, 146KB]

(1986) Randall Sharp: A parametric NL translator. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 124-126. [PDF, 304KB]

(1985) Makoto Nagao: Structural transformation in the generation stage of Mu Japanese to English machine translation system.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 200-223. [PDF, 332KB]

(1985) Rebecca Root: A two-way approach to structural transfer in MT. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 70-72. [PDF, 261KB]

 (1985) Jonathan Slocum & Anthony Aristar: The treatment of grammatical categories and word order in machine translation. In: A.Razzak A.Wahab & Mohmoud E.Sieny (eds.) Studies in machine translation: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Aided Translation, organized by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology in Riyadh… 16-17 March, 1985 (Riyadh: 1986); pp.155-183. [PDF, 173KB]

(1984) Marco A. Clemente-Salazar: Use of c-graphs in a prototype for automatic translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.61-64. [PDF, 268KB]

 (1984) Liu Shiao-shu: TECM – translation of English into Chinese on a micro. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 11pp. [PDF, 66KB]. [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.191-200.]

(1984) Vladimir Pericliev: Handling syntactical ambiguity in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.521-524. [PDF, 309KB]

 (1984) M.Roberts & E.A.Edmonds: SYNICS – a tool for translating natural language syntax. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 8pp. [PDF, 34KB] [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.201-207.]

(1982) Fujio Nishida & Shinobu Takamatsu: Japanese-English translation through internal expressions. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 271-276. [PDF, 328KB]

(1982) Yoshihiko Nitta, Atsushi Okajima, Fumiyuki Yamano, & Koichiro Ishihara: A heuristic approach to English-into-Japanese machine translation. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 283-288. [PDF, 305KB]

(1980) Fujio Nishida, Shinobu Takamatsu, & Hiroaki Kuroki: English-Japanese translation through case-structure conversion. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 447-454. [PDF, 619KB]

(1977) I.D.K. Kelly: PROTRAN – a generalized translation tool for natural and algorithmic languages.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.647-660. [PDF, 182KB]

(1975) J. Chauche: The ATEF and CETA systems. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 17; pp. 21-40. [PDF, 3453KB]

Tagging

(1984) Roger Garside, Geoffrey Leach, & Eric Atwell: The grammatical tagging of  unrestricted English text. International Conference on Methodology and Techniques of Machine Translation: processing from words to language… Cranfield, 13-15 February 1984, Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British Computer Society; 12pp. [PDF, 73KB]; abstract, 2pp. [PDF, 42KB].  [Printed in: Ian D.K.Kelly (ed.) Progress in machine translation: natural language and personal computers (Wilmslow, UK: Sigma Press, 1989); pp.219-230.]

Theoretical aspects (see also General methodology)

(1989) John A.Bateman, Robert T.Kasper, Jörg F.L.Schütz, & Eric H.Steiner: A new view on the process of translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 282-290. [PDF, 667KB]

(1989) C.J.Rupp: Situation semantics and machine translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 308-318. [PDF, 896KB]

(1988) Christian Boitet: Pros and cons of the pivot and transfer approaches in multilingual machine translation. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.93-107.

(1988) Christa Hauenschild: Discourse structure - some implications for machine translation. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.145-156.

(1988) Klaus Schubert: The architecture of DLT - interlingual or double direct?  In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.131-144.

(1988) Tibor Vámos: Language and the computer society. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.65-74.

(1988) Yorick Wilks: Themes in the work of Margaret Masterman.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.148-160. [PDF, 64KB]

(1987) Petr Sgall & Jarmila Panevová: Machine translation, linguistics, and interlingua.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 99-103. [PDF, 344KB]

(1984) R.L.Johnson, S.Krauwer, M.A.Rosner, & G.B.Varile: The design of the kernel architecture for the Eurotra software. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.226-235. [PDF, 726KB]

(1983) Geoffrey Sampson: Fallible rationalism and machine translation.  First conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-2 September 1983, Pisa, Italy; pp. 86-89. [PDF, 400KB]

(1981) Margaret Masterman: The limits of innovation in machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 163-186. [PDF, 161KB]

(1979) Veronica Lawson: Tigers and polar bears: on translating and the computer.  The Incorporated Linguist 18 (3), Summer 1979, pp.81-85. [PDF, 87KB]

(1977) Yorick Wilks: Time flies like an arrow. New Scientist, vol.76, 15 December 1977; pp.696-698. [PDF, 95KB]

(1971) Winfred P.Lehmann & Rolf Stachowitz: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; vol.1, pp.ii-xi, 1-72pp. [PDF, 236KB]

(1971) Jacob Mey: Toward a theory of computational linguistics. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.175-187. [PDF, 46KB]

(1971) Zbigniew Pankowicz: Technical evaluation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.iv-ix. [PDF, 21KB]

(1971) Eugene D.Pendergraft: Meaning revisited. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.188-323. [PDF, 338KB]

(1971) Rolf Stachowitz: Requirements for machine translation: problems, solutions, prospects. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.409-532. [PDF, 2020KB]

Translation revision

(1988) Claude Piron: Learning from translation mistakes. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.233-242. [note]

(1986) P.J.Arthern: Four eyes are better than two.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.14-26. [PDF, 81KB]